{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:05:28Z","timestamp":1790057128829,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The African swine fever virus (ASFV) viroporin pB169L is a conserved membrane protein, but well-defined reagents for its detection and molecular characterization remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A soluble recombinant antigen comprising the non-transmembrane regions of pB169L was used to generate a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated 1B9. The antibody specificity was characterized by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays. The expression and subcellular localization of pB169L were examined in ASFV-infected WSL-R4 cells and primary porcine alveolar macrophages. The variable regions of 1B9 were sequenced, and its epitope was mapped using truncated antigenic fragments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 1B9 antibody belonged to the IgG1 kappa subclass and recognized pB169L by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence at a working dilution of 1:2,000. In ASFV-infected cells, pB169L was detectable by immunofluorescence from 6 h post-infection and by Western blot from 12 h post-infection, with progressive accumulation in cytoplasmic viral factories together with p54. Two immunoreactive species of approximately 18 and 21 kDa were consistently observed. Variable-region sequencing defined the VH\/VL gene usage and complementarity-determining regions of 1B9. Epitope mapping identified a linear epitope at residues\n                      <jats:sup>147<\/jats:sup>\n                      SKPLVPLQE\n                      <jats:sup>155<\/jats:sup>\n                      , which was broadly conserved across several ASFV genotypes and predicted to reside in a hydrophilic, flexible, surface-exposed C-terminal region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thus, 1B9 provides a useful reagent for studying the expression, localization, and antigenic properties of pB169L.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1942750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:39:26Z","timestamp":1790055566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monoclonal antibody 1B9 against the African swine fever virus viroporin pB169L: molecular characterization and epitope mapping"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhiying","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiongqiong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinna","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanchun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01293\u201318","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01293-18","article-title":"A proteomic atlas of the African swine fever virus particle","volume":"92","author":"Alejo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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Commun."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1942750\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:39:27Z","timestamp":1790055567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1942750\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1942750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1942750","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"article-number":"1942750"}}