{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:15:58Z","timestamp":1788419758335,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) disrupts mood-related behavior, gut microbial ecology, and inflammatory homeostasis. Sishen Wan (SSW), a medicinal plant formula used clinically for chronic diarrhea, has shown microbiota- and inflammation-modulating effects in colitis models, but its protective effects under sleep-deprivation conditions remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The chemical profile of SSW was characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography\u2013quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Male C57BL\/6\u202fJ mice underwent CSD using a modified multiple-platform method and received three doses of SSW or fluoxetine. Behavioral performance, histopathology, gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in feces, serum, and hippocampal tissue were assessed. Fecal material from Control, Model, and high-dose SSW (SSW-H) donors was transplanted into antibiotic-pretreated recipients. Serum untargeted metabolomics, hippocampal transcriptomics, RT-qPCR, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were used to characterize metabolic, transcriptional, and brain-function changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CSD reduced sucrose preference and open-field activity, prolonged immobility in the tail-suspension and forced-swim tests, aggravated colonic and hippocampal injury, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. SSW-H produced the most consistent improvements. CSD also reduced gut microbial richness and diversity, altered community composition, and lowered fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate and serum acetate. SSW-H shifted the community toward the Control profile, increased Akkermansia, reduced several Model-enriched taxa, and increased major fecal SCFAs and serum acetate. Recipients of Model-donor feces developed reduced sucrose preference and activity, prolonged immobility, and colonic and hippocampal abnormalities. In contrast, recipients of SSW-H-donor feces showed milder behavioral and histological changes and a microbial profile distinct from that of FMT-Model recipients. SSW-H was also associated with partial normalization of lipid-, amino-acid-, and one-carbon-metabolism-related serum features, modulation of hippocampal immune pathways involving chemokines, cytokines, and NF-\u03baB signaling, and attenuation of several CSD-associated regional brain abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SSW alleviated CSD-associated behavioral abnormalities, tissue injury, and inflammation, with the high dose showing the most consistent effects. These improvements were accompanied by changes in gut microbial composition and SCFA profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1944977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:40:16Z","timestamp":1788417616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sishen wan modulates gut microbial and short-chain fatty-acid imbalances and ameliorates behavioral and inflammatory abnormalities in mice with chronic sleep deprivation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Neuropsychological Regulation of Mental Disorders","place":["Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease","place":["Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueke","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyu","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease","place":["Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongdan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Health Higher Vocational and Technical School","place":["Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5263","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3981-16.2017","article-title":"Sleep loss promotes astrocytic phagocytosis and microglial activation in mouse cerebral cortex","volume":"37","author":"Bellesi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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