{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:01:14Z","timestamp":1790834474143,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Scutellaria barbata<\/jats:italic>\n                      D. Don (\n                      <jats:italic>S. barbata<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb widely used for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties, has shown broad-spectrum antiviral potential. However, its anti-H1N1 activity and underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, the anti-H1N1 activity and underlying mechanisms of\n                      <jats:italic>S. barbata<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract were investigated using H1N1-infected MDCK cells and BALB\/c mice. Transcriptomic analysis followed by mRNA and protein-level validation was performed to characterize its molecular effects, while UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to identify blood-absorbed constituents. Potential active compounds were subsequently screened by integrating the absorbed constituents with network pharmacology and further validated\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>S. barbata<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract markedly inhibited H1N1 replication in MDCK cells (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 42.87 \u03bcg\/mL; CC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      &amp;gt; 500 \u03bcg\/mL) and reduced viral burden and pulmonary inflammation in infected mice. Mechanistically,\n                      <jats:italic>S. barbata<\/jats:italic>\n                      treatment suppressed the Toll-like receptor, NF-\u03baB, and chemokine signaling pathways, suggesting coordinated regulation of antiviral and inflammatory responses. Among the blood-absorbed constituents, baicalein and chrysoeriol were identified as key candidate active compounds and exhibited potent anti-H1N1 activity\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 13.80 and 11.10 \u03bcM, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collectively, these findings demonstrate that S. barbata exerts anti-H1N1 effects through a combination of direct inhibition of viral replication and modulation of excessive inflammatory responses, with baicalein and chrysoeriol representing important contributors to its antiviral activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1945077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:41:18Z","timestamp":1790833278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploration of the mechanisms and active compounds of Scutellaria barbata D. Don against influenza A (H1N1) virus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University","place":["Jining, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjing","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University","place":["Jining, China"]},{"name":"Jining Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Autoimmune Diseases, Jining Medical University","place":["Jining, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Life Science Academy","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guihong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Life Science Academy","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906612","article-title":"Clinical features of the initial cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in China.","volume":"361","author":"Cao","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. 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