{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:55:01Z","timestamp":1791262501458,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Polar warming is expected to release and redistribute psychrophilic microorganisms, thereby increasing their likelihood of encountering warmer environments and potential hosts. However, it remains uncertain whether psychrophilic polar bacteria maintain pathogenic properties relevant to mammalian hosts during such transitions. Here, we investigated two hemolytic Antarctic\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, 3S6 and NS21, assigned to\n                    <jats:italic>P. antarctica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. yamanorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Both isolates exhibited hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, and siderophore production, although these phenotypes were weaker than those of\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Functional analyses indicated that their cell-associated hemolytic activity was dependent on the ExlBA two-partner secretion system (TPS), in which the outer-membrane transporter ExlB secretes the pore-forming cytotoxin ExlA: deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>exlB<\/jats:italic>\n                    abolished hemolysis, whereas genetic complementation restored this phenotype, and this activity was temperature-sensitive, consistent with repression of ExlBA expression under elevated temperatures. Temperature elevation from 20\u202f\u00b0C to 28\u202f\u00b0C reduced hemolytic activity,\n                    <jats:italic>exlBA<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription, and intracellular cAMP levels, while strongly inducing\n                    <jats:italic>cpdA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , implicating a CpdA-cAMP\/Vfr-associated regulatory mechanism. Elevated temperature also triggered a transition from a motile to a biofilm-associated lifestyle in strain 3S6, potentially reflecting adaptive resource allocation toward survival rather than virulence under thermal stress. Under host-relevant conditions, both isolates caused ExlBA-dependent membrane damage in mammalian cells and shortened\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    survival. In mice, they caused transient bloodstream invasion and acute lung inflammation without mortality or sustained colonization. Collectively, these findings indicate that psychrophilic hemolytic polar\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    possess restricted, temperature-responsive host-damaging capacity under exposure conditions associated with environmental warming.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1959947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:25:19Z","timestamp":1791260719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hemolytic mechanism and virulence of Antarctic psychrophilic Pseudomonas"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chaoyue","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Environment Monitoring and Public Governance, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songtao","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Environment Monitoring and Public Governance, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.5c00857","article-title":"Illuminating Antarctic microbial dark matter: in situ cultivation reveals rare taxa with broad resistome and virulence phenotypes","author":"Acu\u00f1a","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. 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