{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:05:13Z","timestamp":1790661913595,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Nitrate-dominated acid rain (NAR) has become an increasingly prevalent component of contemporary atmospheric deposition and can profoundly alter soil bacterial communities in forest ecosystems. Biochar amendment has been proposed as a potential strategy for modifying soil conditions under acid deposition stress. However, the material-dependent effects of pyrochar (PC) and hydrochar (HC) on bacterial community responses under severe NAR stress remain unclear. Here, a field experiment was conducted in a\n                    <jats:italic>Quercus acutissima<\/jats:italic>\n                    plantation to compare the effects of PC and HC on soil bacterial community structure and predicted functional potential under simulated severe NAR stress. Compared with the NAR-only treatment, PC and HC reduced the relative abundance of Chloroflexi by 41.20 and 38.06%, respectively, and increased Actinobacteriota by 43.30 and 38.52%. LEfSe analysis revealed Chloroflexi as a phylum showing differential enrichment under NAR stress, whereas Acidobacteriota and Proteobacteria were differentially enriched in PC-NAR and HC-NAR treatments, respectively. Predicted phenotypic and functional profiles further indicated different bacterial responses to PC and HC. Exploratory association analysis suggested that PC-associated responses were more closely related to microbial biomass-associated variables, whereas HC-associated responses showed stronger relationships with soil chemical properties and microbial biomass. These findings highlight the material-dependent roles of PC and HC as carbon-based amendments and provide field-based insights into selecting biochar types for managing bacterial community responses in NAR-affected plantation soils.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1961661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:46:43Z","timestamp":1790660803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pyrochar versus hydrochar: contrasting modulation of soil bacterial communities under severe nitrate-dominated acid rain stress in a Quercus acutissima plantation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, National Agricultural Experiment Station for Agricultural Environment (Luhe), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shushu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Ume\u00e5 University","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, National Agricultural Experiment Station for Agricultural Environment (Luhe), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, National Agricultural Experiment Station for Agricultural Environment (Luhe), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14162564","article-title":"Effects of raw materials and pyrolysis temperatures on physicochemical properties of biochars derived from hemp stalks","volume":"14","author":"An","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Soil Survey Staff 1999, Soil Taxonomy: a basic system of soil Classification for Making and Interpreting soil Surveys","author":"Baillie","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169585","article-title":"Biochar modulating soil biological health: a review","volume":"914","author":"Bolan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. 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Technol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-024-06701-6","article-title":"Biochar application for enhancing water and nitrogen use efficiency of understory acacia species in a suburban native forest subjected to nitrogen deposition in Southeast Queensland","volume":"504","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133462","DOI":"10.1101\/133462","article-title":"BugBase predicts organism-level microbiome phenotypes","author":"Ward","year":"2017","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105116","article-title":"Soil biofilm formation enhances microbial community diversity and metabolic activity","volume":"132","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. 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Sci."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167418","article-title":"Pyrolytic and hydrothermal carbonization affect the transformation of phosphorus fractions in the biochar and hydrochar derived from organic materials: a meta-analysis study","volume":"906","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172509","article-title":"Biochar dose-dependent impacts on soil bacterial and fungal diversity across the globe","volume":"930","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.3390\/f13091349","article-title":"Nitric acid rain increased bacterial community diversity in north subtropical forest soil","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2026.106960","article-title":"Biochar-mediated microbial responses to organic contaminants in soil environments: from mechanisms to ecological implications","volume":"222","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1961661\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:46:46Z","timestamp":1790660806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1961661\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1961661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1961661","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"article-number":"1961661"}}