{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:51:38Z","timestamp":1791525098966,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The microbial and mineral C pumps play crucial roles in soil organic C (SOC) stabilization via complicated organo-mineral interactions. Yet, how both of them regulate SOC dynamics during peanut cultivation remains elusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The surface soils from five peanut fields of varying ages (0-, 2-, 5-, 10-, and 20-yr.) were selected to elucidate the temporal variations in SOC dynamics and its potential mineral-microbial synergistic regulation patterns, based on PLFAs, eco-enzymatic activity, amino sugars, lignin phenols and Fe oxides analysis, etc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With increasing peanut cultivation ages, SOC, labile C pools, microbial biomass, hydrolase activities, plant\u2011 and microbial\u2011derived C (PC and MRC), all exhibited unimodal patterns, peaking at 2-yr. peanut field before subsequently declining. Furthermore, the decreased Cy\/Pre (i.e., the ratio of cyclopropyl PLFAs to their monoenoic precursor) and elevated fungi\/bacteria values in older peanut fields indicated intensified bacterial physiological stress and a community shift favoring fungal dominance in these fields. Long-term peanut cultivation (i.e., 10 and 20-yr.) decreased SOC lability, enhanced aggregate stability, and altered SOC origins (i.e., enlarged PC but reduced MRC contribution to SOC). As peanut cultivation ages increased, the aggravated soil acidification (evidenced by a decline in pH from 6.10 to 4.57) concurrently enhanced the activation and complexation of Fe oxides, which was attributed to elevated levels of reactive Fe oxides (i.e., Feo and Fep). This transition altered the Fe\u2013C coupling modes from \u2018weak\u2019 adsorption-driven (C:Fe molar ratios &amp;lt; 1) in 0- and 2-yr. peanut fields, to \u2018strong\u2019 complexation (1 to 6) in the, 5-, 10-, and 20-yr. peanut fields. The PLS-PM and Mantel test further suggested that intensified soil acidification promote reactive Fe oxides accumulation, while labile C pools and microbial biomass positively affect the accumulation of PC and MRC, respectively. Notably, reactive Fe oxides play a significant role only in MRC, rather than in PC accumulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, these results elucidate the coupled mineral\u2011microbial influences on SOC dynamics over the peanut cultivation chronosequence, thereby enhancing our understanding of SOC sequestration processes in China\u2019s peanut-producing regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1971411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:29:59Z","timestamp":1791523799000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term peanut cultivation alters soil organic C stocks and aggregate stability: insights from coupled iron oxide, microbial, and lignin phenol analyses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yingru","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University\/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education\/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation","place":["Baoding, China"]},{"name":"Liaoning Research Institute of Sandy Land Control and Utilization","place":["Fuxin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunli","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University\/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education\/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation","place":["Baoding, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengchun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University","place":["Baoding, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Research Institute of Sandy Land Control and Utilization","place":["Fuxin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Research Institute of Sandy Land Control and Utilization","place":["Fuxin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puxiang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Research Institute of Sandy Land Control and Utilization","place":["Fuxin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University\/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education\/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation","place":["Baoding, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjare.2023.11.028","article-title":"Effects of microbial agent and microbial fertilizer input on soil microbial community structure and diversity in a peanut continuous cropping system","volume":"64","author":"Ahsan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50961","DOI":"10.3791\/50961","article-title":"High-throughput fluorometric measurement of potential soil extracellular enzyme activities","volume":"81","author":"Bell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600021572","article-title":"Determination of nitrogen in soil by the Kjeldahl method","volume":"55","author":"Bremner","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2004.03.005","article-title":"Soil structure and management: a review","volume":"124","author":"Bronick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(85)90144-0","article-title":"Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil","volume":"17","author":"Brookes","year":"1985","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11169","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4586","article-title":"Soil organic carbon dynamics matching ecological equilibrium theory","volume":"8","author":"Caruso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-200101000-00009","article-title":"Oxidizible organic carbon fractions and soil quality changes in an oxic paleustalf under different pasture leys","volume":"166","author":"Chan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169407","article-title":"Dynamic changes in soil organic carbon induced by long-term compost application under a wheat-maize double cropping system in North China","volume":"913","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2025.106010","article-title":"Long-term phosphorus addition enhances the contributions of plant lignin and microbial necromass to soil organic carbon in a rice-wheat rotation","volume":"209","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70149","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.70149","article-title":"Peanut yield gap closure is a potential option to improve edible oil security in China","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Food Energy Secur."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.11.212","article-title":"Soil microbial community composition and its role in carbon mineralization in long-term fertilization paddy soils","volume":"580","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2020.107949","article-title":"Iron-bound organic carbon is conserved in the rhizosphere soil of freshwater wetlands","volume":"149","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/00103629509369280","article-title":"Changes in the extractable ammonium- and nitrate-nitrogen contents of soil samples during freezing and thawing","volume":"26","author":"Esala","year":"1995","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2023.116760","article-title":"The ability of soils to aggregate, more than the state of aggregation, promotes protected soil organic matter formation","volume":"442","author":"Even","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2018.04.023","article-title":"Conversion of Tibetan grasslands to croplands decreases accumulation of microbially synthesized compounds in soil","volume":"123","author":"Guan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143945","article-title":"Contribution of soil microbial necromass to SOC stocks during vegetation recovery in a subtropical karst ecosystem","volume":"761","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14040579","article-title":"Thinning intensity enhances soil multifunctionality and microbial residue contributions to organic carbon sequestration in Chinese fir plantations","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105385","DOI":"10.1016\/J.APSOIL.2024.105385","article-title":"Contrasting change patterns of lignin and microbial necromass carbon and the determinants in a chronosequence of subtropical Pinus massoniana plantations","volume":"198","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12061326","article-title":"Reduction in nitrogen rate and improvement of nitrogen use efficiency without loss of peanut yield by regional mean optimal rate of chemical fertilizer based on a multi-site field experiment in the North China plain","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2018.01.031","article-title":"Redox interface-associated organo-mineral interactions: a mechanism for C sequestration under a rice-wheat cropping system","volume":"120","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2020.114769","article-title":"The stoichiometric C-Fe ratio regulates glucose mineralization and stabilization via microbial processes","volume":"383","author":"Jeewani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742932","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1742932","article-title":"Soil quality, elemental stoichiometry and crop yield under partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic inputs in Vertisols: a six-site field study","volume":"16","author":"Jiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13630","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13630","article-title":"Direct evidence for microbial-derived soil organic matter formation and its ecophysiological controls","volume":"7","author":"Kallenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756378","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2021.756378","article-title":"Microbial necromass in soils\u2014linking microbes to soil processes and carbon turnover","volume":"9","author":"K\u00e4stner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0341-4","article-title":"Climate-driven thresholds in reactive mineral retention of soil carbon at the global scale","volume":"8","author":"Kramer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2026.110025","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of microbial residues and their role in soil organic carbon sequestration across a chronosequence of Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China","volume":"267","author":"Lei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2024.109399","article-title":"Toward soil carbon storage: the influence of parent material and vegetation on profile-scale microbial community structure and necromass accumulation","volume":"193","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06789-1","article-title":"Impacts of continuous and rotational cropping practices on soil chemical properties and microbial communities during peanut cultivation","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeti.2025.104431","article-title":"Enhancing soil organic carbon stabilization by coupling microbial-mineral carbon pumps in agroecosystem","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2020.107967","article-title":"Differential accumulation of microbial necromass and plant lignin in synthetic versus organic fertilizer-amended soil","volume":"149","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-020-9705-9","article-title":"The soil microbial carbon pump as a new concept for terrestrial carbon sequestration","volume":"64","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953552","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.953552","article-title":"Successive walnut plantations alter soil carbon quantity and quality by modifying microbial communities and enzyme activities","volume":"13","author":"Luan","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2021.105999","article-title":"The microbial-driven C dynamics within soil aggregates in walnut orchards of different ages based on microbial biomarkers analysis","volume":"211","author":"Luan","year":"","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.04.023","article-title":"Microbial extracellular enzymes in biogeochemical cycling of ecosystems","volume":"197","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2021.103347","article-title":"Soil organic C and total N as well as microbial biomass C and N affect aggregate stability in a chronosequence of Chinese fir plantations","volume":"106","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Biol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-007-9295-1","article-title":"PLFA profiling of microbial community structure and seasonal shifts in soils of a Douglas-fir chronosequence","volume":"55","author":"Moore-Kucera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2006.11.002","article-title":"Turnover of carbon in the free light fraction with and without charcoal as determined using the 13C natural abundance method","volume":"138","author":"Murage","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref39","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fecs.2024.100172","article-title":"Subtropical forest macro-decomposers rapidly transfer litter carbon and nitrogen into soil mineral-associated organic matter","volume":"11","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"For. Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2014.07.015","article-title":"Dynamics of soil organic carbon pools after agricultural abandonment","author":"Novara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174960","article-title":"Differential contribution of microbial and plant-derived organic matter to soil organic carbon sequestration over two decades of natural revegetation and cropping","volume":"949","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2022.104580","article-title":"Metabarcoding of organic tea (Camellia sinensis L.) chronosequence plots elucidates soil acidification-induced shifts in microbial community structure and putative function","volume":"178","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13070991","article-title":"N2 fixation, N transfer, and land equivalent ratio (LER) in grain legume-wheat intercropping: impact of N supply and plant density","volume":"13","author":"Salinas-Roco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108112","DOI":"10.1016\/10.1016\/j.soilbio.2020.108112","article-title":"Tradeoffs among microbial life history strategies influence the fate of microbial residues in subtropical forest soils","volume":"153","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00695-z","article-title":"Life and death in the soil microbiome: how ecological processes influence biogeochemistry","volume":"20","author":"Sokol","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165665","article-title":"Vegetation restoration altered the soil organic carbon composition and favoured its stability in a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation","volume":"899","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2025.109497","article-title":"Diversified crop rotation: synergistically enhancing peanut yield and soil organic carbon stability","volume":"382","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-024-06755-y","article-title":"Patterns and determinants of microbial- and plant-derived carbon contributions to soil organic carbon in tea plantation chronosequence","volume":"505","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2024.106382","article-title":"Coupled iron oxides and microbial-mediated soil organic carbon stabilization across tea plantation chronosequences","volume":"247","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2019.01.016","article-title":"Spatio-temporal microbial community dynamics within soil aggregates","volume":"132","author":"Upton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2018.12.045","article-title":"Is microbial reduction of Fe (III) in podzolic soils influencing C release?","volume":"340","author":"Vermeire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"wrae073","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae073","article-title":"Mechanisms and implications of bacterial-fungal competition for soil resources","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232527","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2023.1232527","article-title":"Organic fertilizer has a greater effect on soil microbial community structure and carbon and nitrogen mineralization than planting pattern in rainfed farmland of the loess plateau","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2025.117655","article-title":"Iron-driven organic carbon sequestration in arid saline-alkali soils: mechanisms of Fe-C coupling via reactive iron oxides and microaggregate stabilization","volume":"465","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2018.03.009","article-title":"Responses of soil microbial community to continuous experimental nitrogen additions for 13 years in a nitrogen-rich tropical forest","volume":"121","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochem."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2015.11.005","article-title":"Spatial variations of aggregate stability in relation to sesquioxides for zonal soils, south-Central China","volume":"157","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rtaf123","DOI":"10.1093\/jpe\/rtaf123","article-title":"Divergent accumulation of soil amino sugars and lignin phenols during Castanopsis hystrix plantation restoration","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Plant Ecol."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2024.108691","article-title":"Dynamics of microbial communities and organic carbon pools in karst wetland soils","volume":"249","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2026.117937","article-title":"Tea plantation age shapes trade-offs between SOC stabilization and accumulation via microbial necromass","volume":"472","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2026.117819","article-title":"Positive biotic associations of microorganisms promote metabolic efficiency to drive organic carbon stabilization in saline soils","volume":"469","author":"Yan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2020.103196","article-title":"Soil microbial community and enzymatic activity in soil particle-size fractions of spruce plantation and secondary birch forest","volume":"99","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Biol."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117977","article-title":"Short-term continuous monocropping reduces peanut yield mainly via altering soil enzyme activity and fungal community","volume":"245","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4960","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00305","article-title":"Mineral availability as a key regulator of soil carbon storage","volume":"51","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-016-1101-0","article-title":"Microbial utilization of rice root exudates: 13C labeling and PLFA composition","volume":"52","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(96)00117-4","article-title":"Gas chromatographic determination of muramic acid, glucosamine, mannosamine, and galactosamine in soils","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2024.109254","article-title":"Peanut-cotton intercropping to enhance soil ecosystem multifunctionality: roles of microbial keystone taxa, assembly processes, and C-cycling profiles","volume":"377","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172788","article-title":"Long-term cultivation reduces soil carbon storage by altering microbial network complexity and metabolism activity in macroaggregates","volume":"930","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2025.105921","article-title":"Vetch cover crops increase particulate organic carbon in citrus orchard by increasing lignin phenols","volume":"207","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2025.106749","article-title":"Cover cropping shifts microbial life-history strategies to promote necromass carbon accumulation through soil metabolite mediation in orchard systems","volume":"254","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjia.2026.05.026","article-title":"Long-term apple plantation enhances soil organic C sequestration via pH-mediated synergy between microbial and mineral C pumps","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129847","article-title":"Role of iron oxides in stabilization of soil organic carbon along vegetation distribution gradient in coastal wetland, southeastern China","volume":"406","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171752","article-title":"Nitrogen deposition caused higher increases in plant-derived organic carbon than microbial-derived organic carbon in forest soils","volume":"925","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15092104","article-title":"Long-term combined organic and inorganic fertilization alters soil phosphorus fractions and peanut uptake","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agronomy"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1971411\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:30:00Z","timestamp":1791523800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1971411\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1971411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1971411","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"article-number":"1971411"}}