{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:01:50Z","timestamp":1790146910237,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Modified biochars are widely proposed as amendments for regulating soil nitrogen cycling, yet the material traits that underpin their contrasting effects on nitrous oxide (N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O) emissions remain unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We compared unmodified biochar with Fe-, Ca-, and Se-modified biochars in loess and black soils during a short-term incubation. Material characterization was combined with N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O flux measurements, soil pH and inorganic-N dynamics, bacterial community profiling, and qPCR quantification of nosZ, nirK, and nirS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      XPS, Raman, and FTIR analyses showed clear differences in surface elemental composition, carbon structure, and functional groups among the modified biochars. FeBC consistently reduced cumulative N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O emissions in both soils, whereas SeBC increased cumulative N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O emissions in loess soil; all biochar treatments reduced N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O emissions in black soil. Among the measured chemical variables, NH\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      -N showed the closest association with cumulative N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O emissions, while pH and NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      -N reflected the broader N-transformation environment. FeBC was associated with bacterial community shifts linked to lower N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O emissions, whereas CaBC increased nosZ and nirS abundances in loess soil.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results show that Fe-, Ca-, and Se-modified biochars regulate N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O emissions through distinct material-soil-microbial pathways, with their mitigation potential strongly shaped by soil background. These findings provide a trait-based basis for the soil-specific screening of modified biochars for N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O mitigation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1972654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:20:17Z","timestamp":1790144417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct material traits shape soil-dependent N2O responses to Fe-, Ca- and Se-modified biochars"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Diao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanbing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Environmental Testing and Experiment Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sha","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834751","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.834751","article-title":"Biochar amendment and nitrogen fertilizer contribute to the changes in soil properties and microbial communities in a Paddy field","volume":"13","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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