{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:44:20Z","timestamp":1792788260047,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.590018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T11:26:47Z","timestamp":1604057207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Large-Scale Population of Healthy Individuals and Patients With Varied Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Qinwei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhaskar","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongyi","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Gephi: an open source software for exploring and manipulating networks","author":"Bastian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, ICWSM 2009"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0508-2","article-title":"The diversity of uncharacterized antibiotic resistance genes can be predicted from known gene variants\u2014but not always.","volume":"6","author":"Bengtsson-Palme","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0108-4","article-title":"Sequencing-based methods and resources to study antimicrobial resistance.","volume":"20","author":"Boolchandani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313413","article-title":"Long-term use of antibiotics and risk of colorectal adenoma.","volume":"67","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14009","article-title":"Antibiotic resistome in a large-scale healthy human gut microbiota deciphered by metagenomic and network analyses: antibiotic resistome.","volume":"20","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiv168","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance genes across a wide variety of metagenomes.","volume":"92","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13377","article-title":"Bacterial phylogeny structures soil resistomes across habitats.","volume":"509","author":"Forsberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201300143","article-title":"Metagenomic insights into the human gut resistome and the forces that shape it.","volume":"36","author":"Forslund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.155465.113","article-title":"Country-specific antibiotic use practices impact the human gut resistome.","volume":"23","author":"Forslund","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0709","article-title":"The delayed effects of antibiotics in type 2 diabetes, friend or foe?","volume":"238","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.106","article-title":"Improved annotation of antibiotic resistance determinants reveals microbial resistomes cluster by ecology.","volume":"9","author":"Gibson","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky471","article-title":"Long-term impact of oral vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole on the gut microbiota in healthy humans.","volume":"74","author":"Haak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3151","article-title":"Metagenome-wide analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in a large cohort of human gut microbiota.","volume":"4","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717295115","article-title":"Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015.","volume":"115","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D19","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq1019","article-title":"The sequence read archive.","volume":"39","author":"Leinonen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.59","article-title":"Metagenomic and network analysis reveal wide distribution and co-occurrence of environmental antibiotic resistance genes.","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0480-x","article-title":"Tracking antibiotic resistance gene pollution from different sources using machine-learning classification.","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04302","article-title":"DNA microarray analysis reveals that antibiotic resistance-gene diversity in human gut microbiota is age related.","volume":"4","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600266","article-title":"The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease.","volume":"375","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B20","author":"Oksanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"vegan: Community Ecology Package."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0199-5","article-title":"The structure and diversity of human, animal and environmental resistomes.","volume":"4","author":"Pal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17672","article-title":"Interconnected microbiomes and resistomes in low-income human habitats.","volume":"533","author":"Pehrsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.005","article-title":"Epidemiology and effects of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis worldwide.","volume":"156","author":"Piano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.04.055","article-title":"Metagenome sequencing of the hadza hunter-gatherer gut microbiota.","volume":"25","author":"Rampelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B25","author":"Roberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"labdsv: Ordination and Multivariate Analysis for Ecology."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","article-title":"Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation.","volume":"12","author":"Segata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2066","article-title":"Metagenomic microbial community profiling using unique clade-specific marker genes.","volume":"9","author":"Segata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0916","article-title":"Distribution of tetracycline and erythromycin resistance genes among human oral and fecal metagenomic DNA.","volume":"15","author":"Seville","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aap8914","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition and functional changes in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome.","volume":"10","author":"Vich Vila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.02.008","article-title":"Antibiotics as instigators of microbial dysbiosis: implications for asthma and allergy.","volume":"39","author":"Wypych","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.10.020","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced changes to the host metabolic environment inhibit drug efficacy and alter immune function.","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty053","article-title":"ARGs-OAP v2.0 with an expanded SARG database and hidden markov models for enhancement characterization and quantification of antibiotic resistance genes in environmental metagenomes.","volume":"34","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318593","article-title":"Oral antibiotic use and risk of colorectal cancer in the United Kingdom, 1989-2012: a matched case-control study.","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-2-6","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance as a global threat: evidence from China, Kuwait and the United States.","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Globalization Health"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.221","article-title":"Large-scale survey of gut microbiota associated with MHE Via 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing.","volume":"108","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2020.590018\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T11:26:50Z","timestamp":1604057210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2020.590018\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmolb.2020.590018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2020.590018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-889X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-889X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"article-number":"590018"}}