{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:23:46Z","timestamp":1780331026302,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2019-1665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2019-1665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in Wuhan (China), has become a great worldwide problem in 2020 and has led to more than 1,000,000 deaths worldwide. Many laboratories are searching for ways to fight this pandemic. We studied the action of the cellular antiviral protein tetherin, which is encoded by the BST2 gene. We deleted the transmembrane domain-encoding part of the gene in the Vero cell line. The transmembrane domain is a target for virus-antagonizing proteins. We showed a decrease in SARS-CoV-2 in cells with deleted transmembrane BST2 domains compared to the initial Vero cell line. Similar results were obtained for SARS-CoV and avian influenza virus. This finding may help the development of antiviral therapies competitively targeting the transmembrane domain of tetherin with viral-antagonizing proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.616798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T16:02:46Z","timestamp":1608307366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Deletion of BST2 Cytoplasmic and Transmembrane N-Terminal Domains Results in SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Influenza Virus Production Suppression in a Vero Cell Line"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Dolskiy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei A.","family":"Bodnev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia A.","family":"Nazarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia M.","family":"Smirnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga G.","family":"Pyankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Matveeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina V.","family":"Grishchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana V.","family":"Tregubchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg V.","family":"Pyankov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander B.","family":"Ryzhikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Gavrilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinat A.","family":"Maksyutov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry V.","family":"Yudkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00250","article-title":"Structural basis for the antiviral activity of BST-2\/tetherin and its viral antagonism","volume":"2","author":"Arias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3260","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.3260","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 is a specific marker of type I IFN-producing cells in the naive mouse, but a promiscuous cell surface antigen following IFN stimulation","volume":"177","author":"Blasius","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13688","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101684108","article-title":"In vivo expression profile of the antiviral restriction factor and tumor-targeting antigen CD317\/BST-2\/HM1. 24\/tetherin in humans","volume":"108","author":"Erikson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20889","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907075106","article-title":"Simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein counteracts tetherin\/BST-2\/CD317 by intracellular sequestration","volume":"106","author":"Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12738","article-title":"CpG oligodeoxynucleotides potentiate the antitumor activity of anti-BST2 antibody","volume":"106","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.09.029","article-title":"Emerging role of the host restriction factor tetherin in viral immune sensing","volume":"425","author":"Hotter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35060","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.058305","article-title":"HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu internalizes cell-surface BST-2\/tetherin through transmembrane interactions leading to lysosomes","volume":"284","author":"Iwabu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33487-8","article-title":"Attenuation of replication by a 29 nucleotide deletion in SARS-coronavirus acquired during the early stages of human-to-human transmission","volume":"8","author":"Muth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.17352\/2455-5363.000023","article-title":"Study of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of live MDCK-derived pandemic influenza vaccine","volume":"5","author":"Nechaeva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. J. Infect. Dis. Clin. Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06553","article-title":"Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu","volume":"451","author":"Neil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7043","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7043","article-title":"Resilience of BST-2\/tetherin structure to single amino acid substitutions","volume":"7","author":"Roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21571","article-title":"Ancient origin of a deletion in human BST2\/tetherin that confers protection against viral zoonoses","volume":"32","author":"Sauter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5587","DOI":"10.3390\/v7102888","article-title":"Requirements within the Ebola viral glycoprotein for tetherin antagonism","volume":"7","author":"Vande Burgt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25518","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein counteracts BST2-mediated restriction of virus-like particle release","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.26338","article-title":"Enhanced production of enveloped viruses in BST-2-deficient cell lines","volume":"114","author":"Yi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2020.616798\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T04:22:44Z","timestamp":1610943764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2020.616798\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmolb.2020.616798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2020.616798","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-889X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-889X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"article-number":"616798"}}