{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:08:35Z","timestamp":1792408115216,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> is a host-adapted human pathogen that causes sexually transmitted gonorrhea and remains to be a serious global public health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income regions. It is vital to devise a reliable, simple, cost-saving, and easy-to-use assay for detecting the <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> agent. In the current study, we firstly report a novel approach, loop-mediated isothermal amplification linked with a polymer nanoparticle\u2013based biosensor (LAMP-PNB), that was used for identifying <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> in clinical samples. The results showed that the LAMP primers based on the <jats:italic>orf1<\/jats:italic> gene were valid for development of the <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>-LAMP-PNB assay. The detection system with optimal conditions could be performed at a fixed temperature of 64\u00b0C for 40\u00a0min. The whole process, including genomic DNA preparation (approximately 10\u00a0min), LAMP reaction (40\u00a0min), and PNB reporting (approximately 2\u00a0min), could be accomplished within 60\u00a0min. The limit of detection (LoD) of the <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>-LAMP-PNB assay was 50 copies per test. The specificity of the current assay was 100%, and no cross-reactions to non\u2013<jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> isolates were observed. These results confirmed that the <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>-LAMP-PNB technique is a reliable, specific, sensitive, rapid, low-cost, and easy-to-use method for detecting gonococci isolates. More importantly, this assay has great potential to develop a point-of-care (POC) testing method in clinical practice, especially in resource-constrained regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.702134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T07:58:41Z","timestamp":1626854321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Visual and Rapid Diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined With a Polymer Nanoparticle\u2013Based Biosensor in Clinical Application"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingxue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuoshi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170116123633","article-title":"Polymer Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications","volume":"25","author":"Anniebell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cmc"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5758387","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5758387","article-title":"Extragenital Infections Caused by chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae: A Review of the Literature","volume":"2016","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Obste.t Gynecol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.1.72","article-title":"Detection of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae by PCR Using Orf1 Gene as Target","volume":"78","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e025808","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025808","article-title":"Global Epidemiology ofNeisseria Gonorrhoeaein Infertile Populations: Protocol for a Systematic Review","volume":"9","author":"Chemaitelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00774-x","article-title":"The Rapid and Visual Detection of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Using Multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Linked to a Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Biosensor","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5476","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.17.5476-5486.1991","article-title":"Physical Map of the Chromosome of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae FA1090 with Locations of Genetic Markers, Including Opa and Pil Genes","volume":"173","author":"Dempsey","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00314-14","article-title":"Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Test for Detection of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in Urine Samples and Tolerance of the Assay to the Presence of Urea","volume":"52","author":"Edwards","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"National Guideline for the Management of Infection with Neisseria Gonorrhoeae. British Association For Sexual Health And HIVWeb Site\n            FiferH.\n            SaundersJ.\n            SoniS.\n            SadiqS. T.\n            FitzGeraldM.\n          2019"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5653","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.43.11.5653-5659.2005","article-title":"Specific andSensitive Detection of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in ClinicalSpecimens by Real-Time PCR","volume":"43","author":"Geraats-Peters","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e367","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(19)30306-8","article-title":"Kissing, Saliva Exchange, and Transmission of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae","volume":"19","author":"Hook","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.2147\/idr.s211644","article-title":"Lateral Flow Biosensor Combined with Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Simple, Rapid, Sensitive, and Reliable Detection of Brucella Spp","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Idr"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.03.016","article-title":"Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): A Novel Rapid Detection Platform for Pathogens","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Pathogenesis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03187","article-title":"Human Immune Responses and the Natural History of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infection","volume":"9","author":"Lovett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.11.3049-3053.1995","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in Genitourinary Specimens","volume":"33","author":"Mahony","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417721062","article-title":"Auditing the Use and Assessing the Clinical Utility of Microscopy as a point-of-care Test for Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in a Sexual Health Clinic","volume":"29","author":"Mensforth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. STD. AIDS."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9020091","article-title":"The Laboratory Diagnosis of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae: Current Testing and Future Demands","volume":"9","author":"Meyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E63","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.12.e63","article-title":"Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification of DNA","volume":"28","author":"Notomi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-015-4656-9","article-title":"Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): Principle, Features, and Future Prospects","volume":"53","author":"Notomi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2009.071431","article-title":"Design of a Multiplex PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection and Confirmation of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae","volume":"63","author":"O'Callaghan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.05.050","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based Lateral Flow Biosensors","volume":"73","author":"Quesada-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.169","article-title":"Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Host Adaptation and Pathogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Quillin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Na.t Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.18.228486","article-title":"Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, Trichomoniasis and Syphilis: Global Prevalence and Incidence Estimates, 2016","volume":"97","author":"Rowley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3881-y","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of TB-LAMP for Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"19","author":"Shete","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/moh.0000000000000394","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in the Female Reproductive Tract","volume":"25","author":"Stevens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054653","article-title":"Adverse Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes Associated withNeisseria Gonorrhoeae:systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"97","author":"Vallely","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054006","article-title":"Low Gonorrhoea Antimicrobial Resistance and Culture Positivity Rates in General Practice: a Pilot Study","volume":"96","author":"Visser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9120689","article-title":"Preparation, Characterization and Application of Polysaccharide-Based Metallic Nanoparticles: A Review","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/s0732-8893(01)00326-1","article-title":"A Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae by LightCycler","volume":"42","author":"Whiley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13647","article-title":"Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): a Versatile Technique for Detection of Micro-organisms","volume":"124","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B30","volume-title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Including Human Immunodeficiency Virus","year":"2013"},{"key":"B31","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of","year":"2016"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.01.015","article-title":"LAMP-on-a-chip: Revising Microfluidic Platforms for Loop-Mediated DNA Amplification","volume":"113","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trac Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112437","article-title":"Multiplex Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Biosensor for the Diagnosis of COVID-19","volume":"166","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2021.702134\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T07:58:47Z","timestamp":1626854327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2021.702134\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmolb.2021.702134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2021.702134","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-889X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-889X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"article-number":"702134"}}