{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:24:06Z","timestamp":1774963446797,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies suggested that patients with comorbidities including cancer had a higher risk of mortality or developing more severe forms of COVID-19. The interaction of cancer and COVID-19 is unrecognized and potential long-term effects of COVID-19 on cancer outcome remain to be explored. Furthermore, whether COVID\u201019 increases the risk of cancer in those without previous history of malignancies, has not yet been studied. Cancer progression, recurrence and metastasis depend on the complex interaction between the tumor and the host inflammatory response. Extreme proinflammatory cytokine release (cytokine storm) and multi\u2010organ failure are hallmarks of severe COVID\u201019. Besides impaired T-Cell response, elevated levels of cytokines, growth factors and also chemokines in the plasma of patients in the acute phase of COVID-19 as well as tissue damage and chronic low\u2010grade inflammation in \u201clong COVID\u201019\u201d syndrome may facilitate cancer progression and recurrence. Following a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, some counterbalancing compensatory anti-inflammatory mechanisms will be activated to restore immune homeostasis. On the other hand, there remains the possibility of the integration of SARS- CoV-2 into the host genome, which potentially may cause cancer. These mechanisms have also been shown to be implicated in both tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we are going to focus on potential mechanisms and the molecular interplay, which connect COVID-19, inflammation, and immune-mediated tumor progression that may propose a framework to understand the possible role of COVID-19 infection in tumorgenesis and cancer progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.813175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T08:11:27Z","timestamp":1643357487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cancer Occurrence as the Upcoming Complications of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ilnaz","family":"Rahimmanesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laleh","family":"Shariati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasim","family":"Dana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasaman","family":"Esmaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Golnaz","family":"Vaseghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaghayegh","family":"Haghjooy Javanmard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Insights into the Possible Impact of COVID-19 on the Endocrine System","volume-title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and Male Fertility: Clinical Manifestations and Pathogenic Mechanisms","author":"Abdel-Moneim","year":"2021"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E32","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200642","article-title":"Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a Report of 1014 Cases","volume":"296","author":"Ai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.05.015","article-title":"Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients with Severe COVID-19: Survival and Clinical Outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Al-Baadani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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