{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:17:17Z","timestamp":1781108237049,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this research was to develop the nanoliposome-encapsulated phenolic rich fraction from <jats:italic>Achillea millefolium<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>A. millefolium<\/jats:italic>) and to investigate its antibacterial and health-promoting activities in mice challenged by pathogenic foodborne <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>. The <jats:italic>A. millefolium<\/jats:italic> was extracted and the ethyl acetate fraction was found to be the phenolic-rich fraction (PRF) containing 14.72 \u00b1 2.39\u00a0mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)\/g dry weight (DM). Base on the results, the synthesized nanoliposome-loaded PRF (PRF-NLs) with the size of 187.2\u00a0nm exhibited homogeneous dispersion (PDI 0.213) and moderate stability behavior in colloidal dispersions (Zeta potential \u221237.45). The non-encapsulated PRF and PRF-NLs were gavaged orally in the mice for 28\u00a0days, and mice were challenged with <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> on day 21. The results indicated that the dietary supplementation of non-encapsulated PRF and PRF-NLs significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) improved the average daily weight gain, food intake, liver function, antioxidant status, and morphostructural characteristics of the ileum. However, the PRF-NLs appeared to be more potent as compared to non-encapsulated PRF. The higher biological activity of PRF-NLs could be associated with the higher intestinal solubility and absorption of nanoliposome-encapsulated PRF. Thereby, the nanoliposome-encapsulated PRF could be considered as a natural antibiotic alternative called phytobiotic to prevent intestinal infection caused by enteropathogenic <jats:italic>C. jejuni.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.832022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T05:28:27Z","timestamp":1643779707000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nanoliposome-Encapsulated and Non-Encapsulated Phenolics From Achillea millefolium and Their Biological Function in Mice Challenged by Campylobacter jejuni: A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nikta","family":"Nateghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Oskoueian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2014.09.007","article-title":"Wild-bird Feces as a Source of Campylobacter Jejuni Infection in Children's Playgrounds in Iran","volume":"50","author":"Abdollahpour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aoas.2020.03.003","article-title":"Achillea millefolium L. 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