{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:28:44Z","timestamp":1792114124877,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Early diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) constitutes a challenge for the clinicians. Pulmonary vasculopathy is relevant in the development of interstitial lung disease. Accordingly, we aimed to explore the role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), key molecules in the vasculopathy, as potential biomarkers of pulmonary fibrosis in RA-ILD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We included 21 RA-ILD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> patients and two comparative groups: 25 RA-ILD<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup> patients and 21 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. Serum levels of the molecules were determined by ELISA, and mRNA expression was quantified by qPCR.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> VCAM-1, MCP-1 and ADMA serum levels were increased in RA-ILD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> patients in relation to RA-ILD<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup> and IPF patients. Additionally, RA-ILD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> patients exhibited increased <jats:italic>CCL2<\/jats:italic> (gene encoding MCP-1) and decreased <jats:italic>PRMT1<\/jats:italic> (gene related to ADMA synthesis) mRNA expression in relation to RA-ILD<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup> patients. A lower expression of <jats:italic>VCAM1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CCL2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>PRMT1<\/jats:italic> was observed in RA-ILD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> patients when compared with those with IPF. Furthermore, MCP-1 serum levels and <jats:italic>PRMT1<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression were positively correlated with RA duration, and ADMA serum levels were positively associated with C-reactive protein in RA-ILD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Our study suggests that VCAM-1, MCP-1 and ADMA could be considered as useful biomarkers to identify ILD in RA patients, as well as to discriminate RA-ILD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> from IPF, contributing to the early diagnosis of RA-ILD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.1056121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:31:45Z","timestamp":1671427905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Elevated VCAM-1, MCP-1 and ADMA serum levels related to pulmonary fibrosis of interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Pulito-Cueto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Remuzgo-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Genre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Atienza-Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor M.","family":"Mora-Cuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Iturbe-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leticia","family":"Lera-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Sebasti\u00e1n Mora-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Prieto-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Portilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Corrales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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