{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:20:53Z","timestamp":1791548453189,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder affecting approximately 16.5% of pregnancies worldwide and causing significant health concerns. GDM is a serious pregnancy complication caused by chronic insulin resistance in the mother and has been associated with the development of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Emerging data support the notion that GDM affects both the maternal and fetal microbiome, altering the composition and function of the gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis. The observed dysregulation of microbial presence in GDM pregnancies has been connected to fetal neurodevelopmental problems. Several reviews have focused on the intricate development of maternal dysbiosis affecting the fetal microbiome. Omics data have been instrumental in deciphering the underlying relationship among GDM, gut dysbiosis, and fetal neurodevelopment, paving the way for precision medicine. Microbiome-associated omics analyses help elucidate how dysbiosis contributes to metabolic disturbances and inflammation, linking microbial changes to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as those seen in GDM. Integrating omics data across these different layers\u2014genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics\u2014offers a comprehensive view of the molecular landscape underlying GDM. This review outlines the affected pathways and proposes future developments and possible personalized therapeutic interventions by integrating omics data on the maternal microbiome, genetics, lifestyle factors, and other relevant biomarkers aimed at identifying women at high risk of developing GDM. For example, machine learning tools have emerged with powerful capabilities to extract meaningful insights from large datasets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1420664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T04:50:55Z","timestamp":1720673455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Gestational diabetes mellitus: Impacts on fetal neurodevelopment, gut dysbiosis, and the promise of precision medicine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Biete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sona","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15934","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415934","article-title":"Involvement of intestinal microbiota in adult neurogenesis and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"23","author":"Agnihotri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102878","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2102878","article-title":"Microbiota-derived metabolites as drivers of gut\u2013brain communication","volume":"14","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.038","article-title":"Possible association of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"202","author":"Aizawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122436","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiome in psychiatric disorders","volume":"10","author":"Andrioaie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001586","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001586","article-title":"Placental proteome abnormalities in women with gestational diabetes and large-for-gestational-age newborns","volume":"8","author":"Assi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4515","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214515","article-title":"Maternal obesity and gut microbiota are associated with fetal brain development","volume":"14","author":"Basak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3615","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123615","article-title":"Maternal docosahexaenoic acid status during pregnancy and its impact on infant neurodevelopment","volume":"12","author":"Basak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.155","article-title":"Gestational diabetes is associated with changes in placental microbiota and microbiome","volume":"80","author":"Bassols","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-014-0658-3","article-title":"Plasma phospholipids indicate impaired fatty acid homeostasis in preterm infants","volume":"53","author":"Bernhard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa212","article-title":"Association of maternal diabetes with neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319101","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis induces the development of pre-eclampsia through bacterial translocation","volume":"69","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2023-0366","article-title":"Association of bdnf polymorphism with gestational diabetes mellitus risk: a novel insight into genetic predisposition","volume":"2023","author":"Chermon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1089\/nsm.2020.0004","article-title":"Network and systems medicine: position paper of the European collaboration on science and technology action on open multiscale systems medicine","volume":"3","author":"Comte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Netw. Syst. Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1813-z","article-title":"Microbiome and its relation to gestational diabetes","volume":"64","author":"Cortez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122645","article-title":"Impact of omega-3 fatty acids on the gut microbiota","volume":"18","author":"Costantini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880544","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.880544","article-title":"Understanding the role of the gut microbiome in brain development and its association with Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"10","author":"Dash","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122583","article-title":"Gut bacteria and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"9","author":"Dicks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000218","article-title":"Maternal microbiome and pregnancy outcomes that impact infant health: a review","volume":"15","author":"Dunlop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Neonatal Care"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2129674","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.29674","article-title":"Maternal metabolic disease and offspring neurodevelopment\u2014an evolving public health crisis","volume":"4","author":"Edlow","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132661","article-title":"Overlapping mechanisms of action of brain-active bacteria and bacterial metabolites in the pathogenesis of common brain diseases","volume":"14","author":"Eicher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.04.006","article-title":"Inflammation as a link between obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes","volume":"105","author":"Esser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30735-9","article-title":"Changes in the gut microbiota composition during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)","volume":"8","author":"Ferrocino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-2345","article-title":"Flash on gut microbiome in gestational diabetes: a pilot study","volume":"43","author":"Festa","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Microbiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000001028","article-title":"Microbiome and its impact on fetal and neonatal brain development: current opinion in pediatrics","volume":"27","author":"Frerichs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metabolic Care"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-019-00561-6","article-title":"Gut microbiota in neurological disorders","volume":"67","author":"Grochowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00188","article-title":"Gut microbiota and gestational diabetes mellitus: a review of host-gut microbiota interactions and their therapeutic potential","volume":"10","author":"Hasain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-06177-1","article-title":"Correlation between TCF7L2 and CAPN10 gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus in different geographical regions: a meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2019.1638763","article-title":"Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"19","author":"Iannone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1197-5","article-title":"Disbiome database: linking the microbiome to disease","volume":"18","author":"Janssens","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.03.016","article-title":"Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"48","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain, Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.07.007","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota profile in patients with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"104","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatric Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04239-8","article-title":"DHA supplementation and pregnancy complications","volume":"21","author":"Jiang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-023-01353-2","article-title":"Association of placental tissue metabolite levels with gestational diabetes mellitus: a metabolomics study","volume":"31","author":"Jiang","year":"","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68322","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068322","article-title":"Reduced incidence of Prevotella and other fermenters in intestinal microflora of autistic children","volume":"8","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3044534","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3044534","article-title":"The intestinal dysbiosis of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its impact on the gut microbiota of their newborns","volume":"2021","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bbac553","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac553","article-title":"Comprehensive investigation of pathway enrichment methods for functional interpretation of LC\u2013MS Global Metabolomics Data","volume":"24","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Briefings Bioinforma."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00058","article-title":"Alterations in gut microbiota of gestational diabetes patients during the first trimester of pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01456-3","article-title":"A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"McGuinness","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.3390\/life12030424","article-title":"The maternal\u2013fetal gut microbiota axis: physiological changes, dietary influence, and modulation possibilities","volume":"12","author":"Miko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051271","article-title":"Elevated glucose and insulin levels decrease DHA transfer across human trophoblasts via SIRT1-dependent mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Mishra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00460-0","article-title":"The gut microbiota\u2013brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders","volume":"19","author":"Morais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031831","article-title":"Epigenetic links between microbiota and gestational diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Mora-Janiszewska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0155-0","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system development and its impact on neuropsychiatric outcome","volume":"85","author":"Mulkey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9994734","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9994734","article-title":"Microbiome and gestational diabetes: interactions with pregnancy outcome and long-term infant health","volume":"2021","author":"Neri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E826","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00291.2013","article-title":"Materno-fetal transfer of docosahexaenoic acid is impaired by gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"305","author":"Pag\u00e1n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Endocrinology Metabolism"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac050","article-title":"Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of gestational diabetes mellitus highlights genetic links with type 2 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Pervjakova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02457-6","article-title":"Maternal microbiota-derived metabolic profile in fetal murine intestine, brain and placenta","volume":"22","author":"Pessa-Morikawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328406","article-title":"Gestational diabetes is driven by microbiota-induced inflammation months before diagnosis","volume":"72","author":"Pinto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3342","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113342","article-title":"The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"19","author":"Plows","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0226545","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226545","article-title":"The microbiota composition of the offspring of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)","volume":"14","author":"Ponzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0139721","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139721","article-title":"N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) reverse the impact of early-life stress on the gut microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Pusceddu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125628","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1125628","article-title":"The impact of maternal diabetes on the future health and neurodevelopment of the offspring: a review of the evidence","volume":"14","author":"Rodolaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062973","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism and gut-brain homeostasis","volume":"22","author":"Roth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092199","article-title":"The impact of maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy on fetal gut\u2013brain axis development and life-long health outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Sajdel-Sulkowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5418","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115418","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of thiamine and precursors with higher bioavailability: focus on benfotiamine and dibenzoylthiamine","volume":"22","author":"Sambon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5724","article-title":"Fetal brain and placental programming in maternal obesity: a review of human and animal model studies","volume":"40","author":"Shook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081686","article-title":"Association between Gut Microbiota and development of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Sililas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04230-3","article-title":"Maternal microbiota and gestational diabetes: impact on infant health","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0205695","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205695","article-title":"Diversified Gut microbiota in newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"13","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03040-9","article-title":"Alterations of gut microbiota in gestational diabetes patients during the second trimester of pregnancy in the Shanghai Han population","volume":"19","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1225875","article-title":"The gut microbiota\u2013brain axis in neurological disorder","volume":"17","author":"Ullah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.004","article-title":"Intersections of the microbiome and early neurodevelopment","volume":"167","author":"Vuong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome in neurological disease"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-315988","article-title":"Dysbiosis of maternal and neonatal microbiota associated with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0191-9","article-title":"The contribution of the gut microbiome to neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"85","author":"Warner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D611","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac868","article-title":"MiMeDB: the human microbial metabolome database","volume":"51","author":"Wishart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337373","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1337373","article-title":"Multi-omics approaches to studying gastrointestinal microbiome in the context of precision medicine and machine learning","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14928","article-title":"Enteric short\u2010chain fatty acids promote proliferation of human neural progenitor cells","volume":"154","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6081248","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6081248","article-title":"The gut microbiota in women suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus with the failure of glycemic control by lifestyle modification","volume":"2019","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e127806","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.127806","article-title":"Fetal exposure to the maternal microbiota in humans and mice","volume":"4","author":"Younge","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1420664\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T04:50:57Z","timestamp":1720673457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1420664\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1420664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1420664","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-889X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-889X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"article-number":"1420664"}}