{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:26:51Z","timestamp":1791570411902,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS091616 D43TW009340 1K01TW010282 5R25TW009340 TL1TR002382 5R25GM058268 G12MD007602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS091616 D43TW009340 1K01TW010282 5R25TW009340 TL1TR002382 5R25GM058268 G12MD007602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which encodes the beta-globin subunit of hemoglobin. This mutation leads to the production of abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS), causing red blood cells to deform into a sickle shape. These deformed cells can block blood flow, leading to complications like chronic hemolysis, anemia, severe pain episodes, and organ damage. SCD genotypes include HbSS, HbSC (HbC is an abnormal variant of hemoglobin), and HbS\/\u03b2-thalassemia. Sickle cell trait (SCT), HbAS, represents the carrier state, while other hemoglobin variants include HbCC, HbAC, and the normal HbAA. Over 7.5 million people worldwide live with SCD, with a high mortality rate in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana. Despite its prevalence, SCD is underdiagnosed and poorly managed, especially in children. Characterized by intravascular hemolysis, SCD leads to oxidative stress, endothelial activation, and systemic inflammation. Identifying circulating blood biomarkers indicative of organ damage and systemic processes is vital for understanding SCD and improving patient management. However, research on biomarkers in pediatric SCD is limited and few have been identified and validated. This study explores specific circulating biomarkers in pediatric SCD in Ghana (West Africa), hypothesizing that inflammatory and neuronal injury markers in children with SCD could predict disease outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical data were collected from 377 children aged 3\u20138\u00a0years with various Hb genotypes, including SCD and SCT, at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana (2021\u20132022). A total of 80 age- and sex-matched subjects were identified. A cross-sectional study utilized a multiplexed immunoassay procedure to evaluate serum biomarkers, including cytokines, chemokines, vascular injury markers, systemic inflammation markers, cell-free heme scavengers, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and angiogenic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated levels of BDNF, Ang-2, CXCL10, CCL11, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-10, IL12p40, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, Tie-2, and VEGFA were observed in HbSS subjects, correlating with hemoglobin level, leukocyte, and erythrocyte counts. Heme scavengers like HO-1, hemopexin, and haptoglobin also correlated with these parameters. ROC and AUC analyses demonstrated the potential of these biomarkers in predicting SCD outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that there are significant differences between biomarker expression among the different genotypes examined. We conclude that a predictive algorithm based on these biomarkers could be developed and validated through longitudinal assessment of within-genotype differences and correlation of the data with disease severity or outcomes. With such a tool one can enhance SCD management and improve patient outcomes. This approach may pave the way for personalized interventions and better clinical care for pediatric SCD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1481441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T11:13:51Z","timestamp":1734606831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Circulating biomarkers associated with pediatric sickle cell disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Cecilia Elorm","family":"Lekpor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix Abekah","family":"Botchway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Driss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaijah","family":"Bashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afua D.","family":"Abrahams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwadwo Asamoah","family":"Kusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfred","family":"Futagbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Alema-Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Agbozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Harbuzariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Adjei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan K.","family":"Stiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77171-2","article-title":"VZHE-039, a novel antisickling agent that prevents erythrocyte sickling under both hypoxic and anoxic conditions","volume":"10","author":"Abdulmalik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22195","article-title":"Sickle cell anemia and vascular dysfunction: the nitric oxide connection","volume":"224","author":"Akinsheye","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. physiology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8050471","article-title":"Role of angiopoietin-2 in vascular physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"8","author":"Akwii","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001486","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2 as a marker of retinopathy in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: relation to subclinical atherosclerosis","volume":"41","author":"Andrawes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematology\/Oncology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.12.012","article-title":"Ischemia-reperfusion injury in sickle cell disease: from basics to therapeutics","volume":"189","author":"Ansari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1998.tb01036.x","article-title":"Peripheral blood neutrophil count and candidacidal activity correlate with the clinical severity of sickle cell anaemia (SCA)","volume":"60","author":"Anyaegbu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6161270","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6161270","article-title":"Burden of sickle cell disease in Ghana: the Korle-Bu experience","volume":"2018","author":"Asare","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Hematol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H107","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00542.2005","article-title":"Angiopoietin-1 decreases plasma leakage by reducing number and size of endothelial gaps in venules","volume":"290","author":"Baffert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Heart Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200500076","article-title":"Heme, heme oxygenase and ferritin in vascular endothelial cell injury","volume":"49","author":"Balla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. & food Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-189002","article-title":"Sickle cell disease: classification of clinical complications and approaches to preventive and therapeutic management","volume":"68","author":"Ballas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16934","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316934","article-title":"Modulation of heme-induced inflammation using MicroRNA-loaded liposomes: implications for hemolytic disorders such as malaria and sickle cell disease","volume":"24","author":"Bashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.56342","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical implications","volume":"11","author":"Bathina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives Med. Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3822","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-361642","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter polymorphism is associated with reduced incidence of acute chest syndrome among children with sickle cell disease","volume":"120","author":"Bean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood, J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2822","article-title":"Heme degradation and vascular injury","volume":"12","author":"Belcher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antioxidants & redox Signal."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0196455","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196455","article-title":"Haptoglobin and hemopexin inhibit vaso-occlusion and inflammation in murine sickle cell disease: role of heme oxygenase-1 induction","volume":"13","author":"Belcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26857","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 is a modulator of inflammation and vaso-occlusion in transgenic sickle mice","volume":"116","author":"Belcher","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. investigation"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-217950","article-title":"Placenta growth factor in sickle cell disease: association with hemolysis and inflammation","volume":"115","author":"Brittain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood, J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g1765","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1765","article-title":"Management of sickle cell disease in the community","volume":"348","author":"Brousse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709113371107","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of sickle cell disease","volume":"337","author":"Bunn","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.2.643.643","article-title":"The acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease: incidence and risk factors. The cooperative study of sickle cell disease","volume":"84","author":"Castro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B21","article-title":"Sickle cell disease","volume-title":"Data and statistics on sickle cell disease","year":"2024"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endmts.2021.100088","article-title":"Elevated neuregulin-1\u03b2 levels correlate with plasma biomarkers of cerebral injury and high stroke risk in children with sickle cell anemia","volume":"3","author":"Chambliss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. metabolic Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106912","article-title":"Neuregulin-1 attenuates hemolysis-and ischemia induced-cerebrovascular inflammation associated with sickle cell disease","volume":"32","author":"Chambliss","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2012.48","article-title":"The neuroprotective roles of BDNF in hypoxic ischemic brain injury","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-020-00230-x","article-title":"IP-10 and MCP-1 as biomarkers associated with disease severity of COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2007.07.002","article-title":"Understanding the role of inflammatory cytokines in malaria and related diseases","volume":"6","author":"Clark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-189012","article-title":"Inflammation in sickle cell disease","volume":"68","author":"Conran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182373157","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2 levels are associated with retinopathy and predict mortality in Malawian children with cerebral malaria: a retrospective case-control study","volume":"40","author":"Conroy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. care Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.09.005","article-title":"Clinical biomarkers in sickle cell disease","volume":"22","author":"Damanhouri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13430","article-title":"The vaso\u2010occlusive pain crisis in sickle cell disease: definition, pathophysiology, and management","volume":"105","author":"Darbari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36842","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.170324","article-title":"CXCR3-B can mediate growth-inhibitory signals in human renal cancer cells by down-regulating the expression of heme oxygenase-1","volume":"285","author":"Datta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1222","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00164.2007","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 modulates the expression of the anti-angiogenic chemokine CXCL-10 in renal tubular epithelial cells","volume":"293","author":"Datta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Renal Physiology"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0142328","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142328","article-title":"Heme-Mediated induction of CXCL10 and depletion of CD34+ progenitor cells is toll-like receptor 4 dependent","volume":"10","author":"Dickinson-Copeland","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0147460","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147460","article-title":"Correction: heme-mediated induction of CXCL10 and depletion of CD34+ progenitor cells is toll-like receptor 4 dependent","volume":"11","author":"Dickinson-Copeland","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-131191","article-title":"Plasma BDNF levels are associated with stroke in children with SCD","volume":"134","author":"Drexelius","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4137\/GEI.S2626","article-title":"Sickle cell disease in the post genomic era: a monogenic disease with a polygenic phenotype","volume":"2009","author":"Driss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genomics Insights"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-271","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms linked to susceptibility to malaria","volume":"10","author":"Driss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3233\/DMA-2011-0888","article-title":"Elevated IL-1\u03b1 and CXCL10 serum levels occur in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease and a history of acute splenic sequestration","volume":"32","author":"Driss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. markers"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1998.tb01092.x","article-title":"Elevated IL\u20108 levels during sickle cell crisis","volume":"61","author":"Duits","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06103.x","article-title":"Serum levels of angiogenic factors indicate a pro\u2010angiogenic state in adults with sickle cell disease","volume":"134","author":"Duits","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-018-0195-5","article-title":"Pro-angiogenic therapeutics for preeclampsia","volume":"9","author":"Eddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. sex Differ."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23683","article-title":"Factors associated with survival in a contemporary adult sickle cell disease cohort","volume":"89","author":"Elmariah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2507","article-title":"Ischemia and reperfusion\u2014from mechanism to translation","volume":"17","author":"Eltzschig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1351","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2 sensitizes endothelial cells to TNF-alpha and has a crucial role in the induction of inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Fiedler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.08.038","article-title":"Anti-PlGF inhibits growth of VEGF (R)-inhibitor-resistant tumors without affecting healthy vessels","volume":"131","author":"Fischer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21569","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary complications leading to premature deaths in adult patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"85","author":"Fitzhugh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B47","first-page":"611","article-title":"Elevated immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in sickle cell disease","volume":"84","author":"Francis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Natl. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.142521","article-title":"TNF-alpha contributes to endothelial dysfunction by upregulating arginase in ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"27","author":"Gao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105600","article-title":"Mechanisms of cell protection by heme oxygenase-1","volume":"50","author":"Gozzelino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2015.0104","article-title":"Comparison of three isolation techniques for human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: cell recovery and viability, population composition, and cell functionality","volume":"14","author":"Grievink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biopreservation biobanking"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.09.013","article-title":"Sickle cell disease in Africa: a neglected cause of early childhood mortality","volume":"41","author":"Grosse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2018.01.002","article-title":"Blockade of placental growth factor reduces vaso-occlusive complications in murine models of sickle cell disease","volume":"60","author":"Gu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"B53","first-page":"1","article-title":"Past: paleontological statistics software package for educaton and data anlysis","volume":"4","author":"Hammer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Palaeontol. Electron."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1006\/mvre.2002.2421","article-title":"Mechanisms which mediate the antiapoptotic effects of angiopoietin-1 on endothelial cells","volume":"64","author":"Harfouche","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593546","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.593546","article-title":"Hemoglobin genotypes modulate inflammatory response to plasmodium infection","volume":"11","author":"Harp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101045","article-title":"Analysis of clinical presentation, hematological factors, self-reported bed net usage, and malaria burden in sickle cell disease patients","volume":"39","author":"Harp","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-00992-2","article-title":"COVID-19 and the role of cytokines in this disease","volume":"30","author":"Hasanvand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11121935","article-title":"Regulation and dysregulation of endothelial permeability during systemic inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Hellenthal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-01-261123","article-title":"Silent cerebral infarcts occur despite regular blood transfusion therapy after first strokes in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"117","author":"Hulbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood, J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.05.017","article-title":"Plasma BDNF and PDGF-AA levels are associated with high TCD velocity and stroke in children with sickle cell anemia","volume":"60","author":"Hyacinth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00146","article-title":"Heme as a target for therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Immenschuh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013001984","article-title":"The role of chemokines in severe malaria: more than meets the eye","volume":"141","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmw038","article-title":"Hematological differences among malaria patients in rural and urban Ghana","volume":"62","author":"Iqbal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-013-0325-x","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular complications in sickle cell disease: a review","volume":"7","author":"Jacobs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiovasc. Risk Rep."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.05.013","article-title":"Angiopoietin-1 ameliorates inflammation-induced vascular leakage and improves functional impairment in a rat model of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"261","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29028","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29028","article-title":"Monitoring retinal pathology and cerebral injury in sickle cell disease using spectral\u2010domain optical coherence tomography in pediatric patients","volume":"68","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. blood & cancer"},{"key":"B67","article-title":"Hemoglobin C disease","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Karna","year":"2023"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.5.2474","article-title":"B lymphocyte-derived IL-16 attracts dendritic cells and Th cells","volume":"165","author":"Kaser","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18010","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.10","article-title":"Sickle cell disease","volume":"4","author":"Kato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI89741","article-title":"Intravascular hemolysis and the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease","volume":"127","author":"Kato","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. investigation"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1684\/ecn.2013.0328","article-title":"Altered levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in sickle cell disease patients during vaso-occlusive crises and the steady state condition","volume":"24","author":"Keikhaei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. cytokine Netw."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968316662708","article-title":"Can neurological biomarkers of brain impairment be used to predict poststroke motor recovery? A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation neural repair"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.3.640","article-title":"Silent cerebral infarcts in sickle cell anemia: a risk factor analysis. The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"103","author":"Kinney","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.10.010","article-title":"Orchestral actions of angiopoietin-1 in vascular regeneration","volume":"19","author":"Koh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3949","article-title":"Circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor has diagnostic and prognostic value in traumatic brain injury","volume":"33","author":"Korley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. neurotrauma"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13083","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713083","article-title":"Macrophage-derived chemokine MDC\/CCL22: an ambiguous finding in COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"Korobova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05625-z","article-title":"Association between haematological parameters and sickle cell genotypes in children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria resident in Kisumu County in Western Kenya","volume":"20","author":"Kosiyo","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4551","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-241844","article-title":"Differing effects of HbS and HbC traits on uncomplicated falciparum malaria, anemia, and child growth","volume":"115","author":"Kreuels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood, J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.08013.x","article-title":"Increased levels of the inflammatory biomarker C\u2010reactive protein at baseline are associated with childhood sickle cell vasocclusive crises","volume":"148","author":"Krishnan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28076","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28076","article-title":"Brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor levels in pediatric sickle cell disease","volume":"67","author":"Lance","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. blood & cancer"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05107-2","article-title":"Association of cerebral malaria and TNF-\u03b1 levels: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Le\u00e3o","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G12","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00201.2012","article-title":"Critical role of interleukin-17A in murine intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"304","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiology"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04221-7","article-title":"Angiogenic and angiostatic factors present in the saliva of malaria patients","volume":"21","author":"Lekpor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2011.06.001","article-title":"CXCL10\/IP-10 in infectious diseases pathogenesis and potential therapeutic implications","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine & growth factor Rev."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1038\/nm731","article-title":"Revascularization of ischemic tissues by PlGF treatment, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, arthritis and atherosclerosis by anti-Flt1","volume":"8","author":"Luttun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14699","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014699","article-title":"Mortality in sickle cell anemia in Africa: a prospective cohort study in Tanzania","volume":"6","author":"Makani","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s002770000173","article-title":"The role of cytokines in sickle cell disease","volume":"79","author":"Makis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20160348","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0348","article-title":"Time to invest in sickle cell anemia as a global health priority","volume":"137","author":"McGann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102199","article-title":"HbF levels in sickle cell disease are associated with proportion of circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and CC-chemokines","volume":"9","author":"Minniti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2010.08.003","article-title":"The relation of C-reactive protein to vasoocclusive crisis in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"45","author":"Mohammed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Cells, Mol. Dis."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663886","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.663886","article-title":"Targeting neutrophil adhesive events to address vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell patients","volume":"12","author":"Morikis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v32.5.811.811","article-title":"Brief report: plasma concentrations of hemopexin, haptoglobin and heme in patients with various hemolytic diseases","volume":"32","author":"Muller-Eberhard","year":"1968","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/s0268-960x(03)00003-1","article-title":"The paradox of hemoglobin SC disease","volume":"17","author":"Nagel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-022-01984-3","article-title":"Eotaxin-1 (CCL11) in neuroinflammatory disorders and possible role in COVID-19 neurologic complications","volume":"122","author":"Nazarinia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2020.37.109.17864","article-title":"Distribution of haemoglobin genotypes, knowledge, attitude and practices towards sickle cell disease among unmarried youths in the Buea Health District, Cameroon","volume":"37","author":"Ngwengi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pan Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000369","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000369","article-title":"IP-10-mediated T cell homing promotes cerebral inflammation over splenic immunity to malaria infection","volume":"5","author":"Nie","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.2174\/138945010791591395","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor as an anti-angiogenic target for cancer therapy","volume":"11","author":"Niu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. drug targets"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007956","article-title":"Angiogenic and inflammatory markers of cardiopulmonary changes in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease","volume":"4","author":"Niu","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS one"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2022uuu","article-title":"Screening newborns for sickle cell disease in Ghana","volume":"121","author":"Ohene-Frempong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03500-5","article-title":"Prevalence of sickle cell disorders and malaria infection in children aged 1\u201312 years in the Volta Region, Ghana: a community-based study","volume":"19","author":"Oppong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7546","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087546","article-title":"Sickle cell hemoglobin genotypes affect malaria parasite growth and correlate with exosomal miR-451a and let-7i-5p levels","volume":"24","author":"Oxendine Harp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017010069","article-title":"The angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling axis in systemic inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Parikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20196","article-title":"Cytokine profile of sickle cell disease in Oman","volume":"77","author":"Pathare","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/10245330310001604719","article-title":"Cytokines in sickle cell disease","volume":"8","author":"Pathare","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1126\/science.110.2865.543","article-title":"Sickle cell anemia, a molecular disease","volume":"110","author":"Pauling","year":"1949","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3422","article-title":"Placenta growth factor activates monocytes and correlates with sickle cell disease severity","volume":"102","author":"Perelman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773212Y.0000000069","article-title":"Association of high plasma TNF-alpha levels and TNF-alpha\/IL-10 ratios with TNF2 allele in severe P. falciparum malaria patients in Sri Lanka","volume":"107","author":"Perera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathogens Glob. health"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2006.12.005","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic gene therapy of cancer: current status and future prospects","volume":"28","author":"Persano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. aspects Med."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001484","article-title":"Global burden of sickle cell anaemia in children under five, 2010\u20132050: modelling based on demographics, excess mortality, and interventions","volume":"10","author":"Piel","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp058274","article-title":"Preventing stroke in sickle cell anemia","volume":"353","author":"Platt","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406093302303","article-title":"Mortality in sickle cell disease--life expectancy and risk factors for early death","volume":"330","author":"Platt","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.01912.x","article-title":"Management of cerebral vasculopathy in children with sickle cell anaemia","volume":"108","author":"Powars","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsz100","article-title":"Correlates of cognitive function in sickle cell disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Prussien","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029611420992","article-title":"Biomarkers of inflammation, growth factor, and coagulation activation in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"18","author":"Qari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thrombosis\/Hemostasis"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.09.026","article-title":"Systematic review of biomarkers of brain injury in term neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"40","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08961.x","article-title":"Biomarkers in sickle cell disease","volume":"156","author":"Rees","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61029-X","article-title":"Sickle-cell disease","volume":"376","author":"Rees","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh002","article-title":"Hemoglobin C is associated with reduced Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and low risk of mild malaria attack","volume":"13","author":"Rihet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00435","article-title":"Recent advances in the treatment of sickle cell disease","volume":"11","author":"Salinas Cisneros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. physiology"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535147","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.535147","article-title":"Endothelial barrier integrity is disrupted in vitro by heme and by serum from sickle cell disease patients","volume":"11","author":"Santaterra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.11.030","article-title":"Serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF\u03b1 levels in pediatric sickle cell disease patients during vasoocclusive crisis and steady state condition","volume":"72","author":"Sarray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-11-451229","article-title":"Hemolysis and free hemoglobin revisited: exploring hemoglobin and hemin scavengers as a novel class of therapeutic proteins","volume":"121","author":"Schaer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood, J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03336-z","article-title":"Pathophysiology and neurologic sequelae of cerebral malaria","volume":"19","author":"Schiess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12726","article-title":"Angiopoietin\u20102: a multifaceted cytokine that functions in both angiogenesis and inflammation","volume":"1347","author":"Scholz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2014.07.016","article-title":"TNF and TNF-receptors: from mediators of cell death and inflammation to therapeutic giants\u2013past, present and future","volume":"25","author":"Sedger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cytokine & growth factor Rev."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy009","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor derived from sensory neurons plays a critical role in chronic pain","volume":"141","author":"Sikandar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24856","article-title":"A monocyte\u2010TNF\u2010endothelial activation axis in sickle transgenic mice: therapeutic benefit from TNF blockade","volume":"92","author":"Solovey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-018-0003-2","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for sickle cell disease: towards a multi-agent approach","volume":"18","author":"Telen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082414","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1082414","article-title":"MiR-451a and let-7i-5p loaded extracellular vesicles attenuate heme-induced inflammation in hiPSC-derived endothelial cells","volume":"13","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e585","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00118-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence and mortality burden of sickle cell disease, 2000\u20132021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"10","author":"Thomson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v97.7.1968","article-title":"Erythroblasts are a source of angiogenic factors","volume":"97","author":"Tordjman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood, J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2007.12.005","article-title":"Neonatal screening and clinical care programmes for sickle cell disorders in sub-Saharan Africa: lessons from pilot studies","volume":"122","author":"Tshilolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Public health"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5117","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-05-220921","article-title":"Sickle cell disease and stroke","volume":"114","author":"Verduzco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood, J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2366","article-title":"IL-12 family cytokines: immunological playmakers","volume":"13","author":"Vignali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30193-9","article-title":"Sickle cell disease","volume":"390","author":"Ware","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"021103","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.021103","article-title":"The global burden of sickle cell disease in children under five years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wastnedge","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glob. health"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07085.x","article-title":"Genetic variation and susceptibility to infection: the red cell and malaria","volume":"141","author":"Weatherall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2019.102397","article-title":"Cross-sectional analysis of adhesion in individuals with sickle cell disease using a standardized whole blood adhesion bioassay to VCAM-1","volume":"81","author":"White","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Dis."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03048-6","article-title":"Evidence of questionable research practices in clinical prediction models","volume":"21","author":"White","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B140","unstructured":"Sickle cell disease\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81329","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081329","article-title":"CXCL10 gene promoter polymorphism -1447A>G correlates with plasma CXCL10 levels and is associated with male susceptibility to cerebral malaria","volume":"8","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3233\/DMA-2011-0763","article-title":"CXCL4 and CXCL10 predict risk of fatal cerebral malaria","volume":"30","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis. markers"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2023.107315","article-title":"Elevated expression of interleukin 16 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with disease burden and abnormal immune microenvironment","volume":"131","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Leukemia Res."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1368","article-title":"IL-6 is an antiinflammatory cytokine required for controlling local or systemic acute inflammatory responses","volume":"101","author":"Xing","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. investigation"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17097","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805782105","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2 is associated with decreased endothelial nitric oxide and poor clinical outcome in severe falciparum malaria","volume":"105","author":"Yeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010128","article-title":"From allergy to cancer\u2014clinical usefulness of eotaxins","volume":"13","author":"Zajkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e318034194e","article-title":"Cytokines, inflammation and pain","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Anesthesiol. Clin."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1481441\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T11:13:57Z","timestamp":1734606837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1481441\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":147,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1481441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1481441","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-889X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-889X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"article-number":"1481441"}}