{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T10:27:39Z","timestamp":1771669659305,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a neurological disorder characterized by severe pain and a complex pathogenesis. This condition seriously affects patients\u2019 quality of life. The analysis of urinary proteomics has shown great potential in disease research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic value of urine proteomics in TN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The urine of 10 cases of TN and 11 healthy individuals were studied using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomics technology. Group analysis and one to many individual analysis strategies were used in quantitative analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2,620 proteins were identified in the group analysis, and 1,883 of them were quantifiable. Most specimens in each group were distinguishable through clustering analysis of the urinary proteome. Significant enrichment was observed in biological processes such as immune response-regulating signaling pathway, regulation of complement activation, natural killer cell inhibitory signaling pathway, and cytoplasmic translation, as well as in KEGG pathways including antigen processing and presentation, and complement and coagulation cascades. Individual analysis revealed a higher number of significantly different proteins between patients, with seven proteins identified in at least nine patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The urinary proteome provided molecular characteristics of urinary proteins in patients. It described the changes that occur in the patient\u2019s body. The strong enrichment of immune response pathways may be linked to disease onset, suggesting new avenues for immune-based treatments, and the significant differential proteins could become potential disease markers for diagnosis and treatment evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1618014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:24:09Z","timestamp":1761805449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An exploratory study of urinary proteome in trigeminal neuralgia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lilong","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haitong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongtong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuliang","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youhe","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"395","article-title":"The role of immune system in inflammatory pain pathophysiology","volume":"29","author":"Balkowiec-Iskra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pol. Merkur Lek."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17805","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(18)38235-8","article-title":"Accumulation of apolipoproteins in the regenerating and remyelinating Mammalian peripheral nerve. Identification of apolipoprotein D, apolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein E, and apolipoprotein A-I","volume":"265","author":"Boyles","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.08.079","article-title":"Atrophy and severe kinking of trigeminal nerve root by duplicate trunks of superior cerebellar artery in an elderly patient with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"179","author":"Carnevale","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2022.2070477","article-title":"Proteomics of human biological fluids for biomarker discoveries: technical advances and recent applications","volume":"19","author":"Dayon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Proteomics"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.m700119-jlr200","article-title":"The acyl-CoA thioesterase I is regulated by PPAR\u03b1 and HNF4\u03b1 via a distal response element in the promoter","volume":"48","author":"Dongol","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.10.006","article-title":"Proteomic analysis to identify prospective biomarkers of treatment outcome after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a preliminary study","volume":"25","author":"Doshi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1815-18.2019","article-title":"Regulatory T cells and their derived cytokine, Interleukin-35, reduce pain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"39","author":"Duffy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2019","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: from mechanisms to treatment","volume":"101","author":"Finnerup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1586\/14789450.2015.1069188","article-title":"Advances in high-resolution quantitative proteomics: implications for clinical applications","volume":"12","author":"Gallien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Proteomics"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/s0163-7827(01)00017-0","article-title":"The role Acyl-CoA thioesterases play in mediating intracellular lipid metabolism","volume":"41","author":"Hunt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2015.0120","article-title":"N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine kinase promotes the axonal growth of developing neurons","volume":"38","author":"Islam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"44","article-title":"The immune status of patients with trigeminal neuralgia and its correction","volume":"68","author":"Iuodzhbalis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stomatol. Mosk."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2014.2377","article-title":"Upregulation of dendritic arborization by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase is not dependent on its kinase activity","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.182695","article-title":"Programmed cell death and natural killer cells in multiple sclerosis: new potential therapeutic targets?","volume":"11","author":"Macchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64451-4","article-title":"Topical and oral peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist ameliorates diabetic corneal neuropathy","volume":"14","author":"Mansoor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17053","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508591102","article-title":"DCDC2 is associated with reading disability and modulates neuronal development in the brain","volume":"102","author":"Meng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946791","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.946791","article-title":"Changes in the urinary proteome before and after quadrivalent influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20170615","article-title":"Dynamic multi-site phosphorylation by Fyn and Abl drives the interaction between CRKL and the novel scaffolding receptors DCBLD1 and DCBLD2","volume":"474","author":"Schmoker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.12.002","article-title":"DCDC2 mutations cause a renal-hepatic ciliopathy by disrupting Wnt signaling","volume":"96","author":"Schueler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gdata.2016.09.009","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis is accompanied by lack of KIR2DS1 gene: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Shahsavar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genom Data"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-011-4162-1","article-title":"Applications of urinary proteomics in biomarker discovery","volume":"54","author":"Shao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA119.001343","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of individual variation in the urinary proteome revealed significant gender differences","volume":"18","author":"Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1322","article-title":"Universal sample preparation method for proteome analysis","volume":"6","author":"Wisniewski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B24","article-title":"Could urine be a gold mine for biomarkers? Science China life sciences","author":"Youhe","year":"2013"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00467","article-title":"Perilipin 1 mediates lipid metabolism homeostasis and inhibits inflammatory cytokine synthesis in bovine adipocytes","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1618014\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:24:10Z","timestamp":1761805450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1618014\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1618014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1618014","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-889X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-889X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"article-number":"1618014"}}