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The abnormal regulation of this process is closely linked to the occurrence and development of various diseases. The liver is the largest digestive metabolic organ, where numerous critical physiological processes take place. Recent studies have emphasized the unique role of m5C modifications in liver physiology and pathology. This review summarizes the common m5C regulatory factors and their functions, with a particular emphasis on the biological roles of m5C RNA methylation regulators in liver injury, liver immunology, viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, and liver cancer. 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