{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:38:17Z","timestamp":1785213497683,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF 2018R1A6A1A03025124 NRF 2022R1A2C1091779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF 2018R1A6A1A03025124 NRF 2022R1A2C1091779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of facial nerve injury (FNI), yet the role of antioxidants in driving regeneration and functional recovery remains incompletely defined. This narrative review synthesizes studies published between 2008 and 2025 that evaluated antioxidant interventions in FNI across animal and limited human contexts. We systematically searched five databases and included 19 studies assessing oxidative stress markers and neural outcomes following antioxidant administration. To avoid overgeneralization, we stratified findings by injury model\u2014crush\/compression, transection with anastomosis, and ischemic\/viral\u2014and by primary endpoints (electrophysiology\/behavior vs. histology\/biochemistry), and, where reported, by intervention timing and dose. Antioxidants commonly reduced reactive oxygen species and modulated survival and inflammatory pathways, supporting neuroprotection and, in some models, improved electrophysiological or behavioral readouts. However, benefits varied by model and regimen: crush injuries showed earlier functional gains, whereas transection models more often demonstrated histological improvement without consistent short-term functional recovery; ischemic\/viral studies frequently lacked standardized electrophysiological confirmation. Outcomes were also contingent on timing and dose (with earlier initiation and moderate dosing generally more favorable), and select combinations showed additive effects in preclinical settings. Overall, the evidence is predominantly preclinical, heterogeneous in dosing\/timing\/formulations, and limited by small sample sizes and inconsistent functional outcomes. Antioxidant strategies should therefore be considered hypothesis-generating rather than clinically recommendable at this time. Future research should use model-appropriate, standardized functional endpoints, prespecify timing\/dose exploration, evaluate rational combinations, and conduct well-powered clinical trials to establish efficacy, optimal use, and safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1663998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T07:53:41Z","timestamp":1759305221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The role of antioxidants in facial nerve injury"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jae Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Wook","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Sun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hong","family":"Ryoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Geun","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173260","article-title":"Rosuvastatin enhanced functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury in the rat","volume":"882","author":"Abdolmaleki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347987","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1347987","article-title":"The role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: current understanding and future therapeutic targets","volume":"16","author":"Adamu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-011-9682-5","article-title":"Intraperitoneal aminoguanidine improves sciatic nerve ischemia-reperfusion injury in male sprague-dawley rats","volume":"31","author":"Alipour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101839","article-title":"Cell-penetrating, antioxidant SELENOT mimetic protects dopaminergic neurons and ameliorates motor dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease animal models","volume":"40","author":"Alsharif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD012967","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012967.pub2","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid for diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"1","author":"Baicus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2008.49.5.725","article-title":"Comparison of facial nerve paralysis in adults and children","volume":"49","author":"Cha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660072","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.660072","article-title":"Cox4i2 triggers an increase in reactive oxygen species, leading to ferroptosis and apoptosis in HHV7 infected schwann cells","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s44158-025-00271-w","article-title":"Perineural dexamethasone: neurotoxicity or neuroprotection? A systematic review of preclinical evidence","volume":"5","author":"De Cassai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Anesth. analgesia Crit. care"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894241291814","article-title":"The effect of Rosuvastatin on facial nerve regeneration after facial nerve injury: an experimental animal study","volume":"134","author":"Dincer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00341","article-title":"Resveratrol promotes nerve regeneration via activation of p300 acetyltransferase-mediated VEGF signaling in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2018.3273","article-title":"Effects of melatonin and dexamethasone on facial nerve neurorrhaphy","volume":"15","author":"Edizer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Adv. Otol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3963","article-title":"Methylprednisolone for the treatment of patients with acute spinal cord injuries: a propensity score-matched cohort study from a Canadian multi-center spinal cord injury registry","volume":"32","author":"Evaniew","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627923","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/627923","article-title":"Dexamethasone enhanced functional recovery after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats","volume":"2015","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-110","article-title":"Wallerian degeneration: gaining perspective on inflammatory events after peripheral nerve injury","volume":"8","author":"Gaudet","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.12.015","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and other bioactive solutions with neurorrhaphy for rapid and dramatic repair of peripheral nerve lesions by PEG-fusion","volume":"314","author":"Ghergherehchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2024.2433704","article-title":"The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on facial nerve regeneration","volume":"145","author":"G\u00f6lc\u00fck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-015-0301-x","article-title":"Effect of oxytocin administration on nerve recovery in the rat sciatic nerve damage model","volume":"10","author":"G\u00fcm\u00fcs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.5542","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in the onset of facial nerve palsy by HSV-1 infection","volume":"139","author":"Hato","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surg."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W612","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.13444","article-title":"Anatomy and pathology of the facial nerve","volume":"204","author":"Ho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480802210431","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of vitamin E on adult rat motor neurones following facial nerve avulsion","volume":"129","author":"Hoshida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2023.09.012","article-title":"Research status of facial nerve repair","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Regen. Ther."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.09.009","article-title":"Effect of ginkgo biloba extract on recovery after facial nerve crush injury in the rat","volume":"76","author":"Jang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4642","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094642","article-title":"The chemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revisited: outlining their role in biological macromolecules (DNA, lipids and proteins) and induced pathologies","volume":"22","author":"Juan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-2615-2","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of ebselen on experimental spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"30","author":"Kalayci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2011.03.004","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of methylprednisolone and N-acetylcystein on anastomotic degeneration and regeneraton of the facial nerve","volume":"39","author":"Karlidag","year":"2012","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999322","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.999322","article-title":"Melatonin signalling in Schwann cells during neuroregeneration","volume":"10","author":"Klymenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2022.101388","article-title":"Therapeutic strategy for facial paralysis based on the combined application of Si-based agent and methylcobalamin","volume":"32","author":"Koyama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12051061","article-title":"Diverse possibilities of Si-Based agent, a unique new antioxidant","volume":"12","author":"Koyama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14040436","article-title":"Production and role of free radicals and reactive oxygen species after facial nerve injury","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71180","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071180","article-title":"High concentration of vitamin E decreases thermosensation and thermotaxis learning and the underlying mechanisms in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03133-1","article-title":"Oral antioxidant edaravone protects against cognitive deficits induced by chronic hypobaric hypoxia at high altitudes","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"392","article-title":"The effect of ubiquinone on functional recovery and morphometric indices of sciatic nerve regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Moradi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.8.1160","article-title":"Lipoic acid improves nerve blood flow, reduces oxidative stress, and improves distal nerve conduction in experimental diabetic neuropathy","volume":"18","author":"Nagamatsu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.1462","article-title":"Association among facial paralysis, depression, and quality of life in facial plastic surgery patients","volume":"19","author":"Nellis","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03516-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of Schwann cell plasticity involved in peripheral nerve repair after injury","volume":"77","author":"Nocera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.MS654002","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of ozone therapy after sciatic nerve cut injury","volume":"65","author":"Ogut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kurume Med. J."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13060741","article-title":"Induction of nitric oxide and its role in facial nerve regeneration according to the method of facial nerve injury","volume":"13","author":"Oh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.12.017","article-title":"Methylcobalamin increases Erk1\/2 and Akt activities through the methylation cycle and promotes nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve injury model","volume":"222","author":"Okada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2016.02.009","article-title":"Effects of ozone therapy on facial nerve regeneration","volume":"83","author":"Ozbay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111724","article-title":"Aminoguanidine prevents the oxidative stress, inhibiting elements of inflammation, endothelial activation, mesenchymal markers, and confers a renoprotective effect in renal ischemia and reperfusion injury","volume":"10","author":"Pasten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2023.101374","article-title":"Task force of the Brazilian Society of otology \u2014 evaluation and management of peripheral facial palsy","volume":"90","author":"Pauna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Braz J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081500","article-title":"Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): biosynthesis, derivatives and formulations with neuroprotective activities","volume":"12","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8416763","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763","article-title":"Oxidative stress: harms and benefits for human health","volume":"2017","author":"Pizzino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25098","article-title":"The SELENOT mimetic PSELT promotes nerve regeneration by increasing axonal myelination in a facial nerve injury model in female rats","volume":"100","author":"Pothion","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000447","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy","volume":"23","author":"Reich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contin. (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.68","article-title":"The effect of n-acetyl-cysteine on recovery of the facial nerve after crush injury","volume":"2","author":"Rivera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)02016-0","article-title":"Ginkgo biloba attenuates oxidative stress in macrophages and endothelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Rong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455771","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1455771","article-title":"Ozone promotes macrophage efferocytosis and alleviates neuropathic pain by activating the AMPK\/Gas6-MerTK\/SOCS3 signaling pathway","volume":"15","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25122","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol fusion associated with antioxidants: a new promise in the treatment of traumatic facial paralysis","volume":"40","author":"Salomone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Head. Neck"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.52312\/jdrs.2024.1784","article-title":"Effects of N-acetylcysteine on sciatic nerve healing: a histopathological, functional, and biochemical study of the rat sciatic nerve","volume":"35","author":"Sar\u0131ta\u015f","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jt. Dis. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2024.231360","article-title":"The effectiveness of ebselen in facial nerve crush injury: an experimental study","volume":"20","author":"\u015eeneldir","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Int. Adv. Otol."},{"key":"B52","article-title":"Facial nerve anatomy and clinical applications","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2025"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.05.029","article-title":"Neuroprotection of ebselen against ischemia\/reperfusion injury involves GABA shunt enzymes","volume":"285","author":"Seo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00767-8","article-title":"Neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of Ginkgo biloba extract against AD and other neurological disorders","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01220","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00229.x","article-title":"Nerve injury, axonal degeneration and neural regeneration: basic insights","volume":"9","author":"Stoll","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.02.004","article-title":"Electrospun nanofiber sheets incorporating methylcobalamin promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model","volume":"53","author":"Suzuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2007.08.009","article-title":"Protective effects of edaravone against ischemia-induced facial palsy","volume":"35","author":"Takeda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2013.10.031","article-title":"Effects of safranal, a constituent of saffron, and vitamin E on nerve functions and histopathology following crush injury of sciatic nerve in rats","volume":"21","author":"Tamaddonfard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E356","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25554","article-title":"The effectiveness of different neuroprotective agents in facial nerve injury: an experimental study","volume":"125","author":"Tanyeri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2017.1420914","article-title":"The effects of lipoic acid and methylprednisolone on nerve healing in rats with facial paralysis","volume":"138","author":"Tekdemir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10060967","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine (NAC): impacts on human health","volume":"10","author":"Ten\u00f3rio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11340","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202312_34573","article-title":"Oxytocin mitigates peripheral nerve damage via Nrf2 and irisin pathway","volume":"27","author":"Tosyal\u0131","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61040624","article-title":"Harnessing polyethylene glycol 3350 for enhanced peripheral nerve repair: a path to accelerated recovery","volume":"61","author":"Tun\u00e7","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. (B Aires)"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1597838","article-title":"Useful effects of melatonin in peripheral nerve injury and development of the nervous system","volume":"12","author":"Uyanikgil","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Brachial Plex. Peripher Nerve Inj."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2024.07.011","article-title":"Therapeutic roles of coenzyme Q10 in peripheral nerve injury-induced neurosensory disturbances: mechanistic insights from injury to recovery","volume":"129","author":"Vachirarojpisan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052945","article-title":"Update on antioxidant therapy with edaravone: expanding applications in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"25","author":"Yamashita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001503","article-title":"The effects of aminoguanidine, methylprednisolone, and melatonin on nerve recovery in peripheral facial nerve neurorrhaphy","volume":"26","author":"Yanilmaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Craniofacial Surg."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.105183","article-title":"Inhibition of nitric oxide production enhances the activity of facial nerve tubulin polymerization and the ability of tau to promote microtubule assembly after neurorrhaphy","volume":"150","author":"Yeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001201","article-title":"The effect of coenzyme Q10 on the regeneration of crushed facial nerve","volume":"26","author":"Yildirim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Craniofac Surg."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020291","article-title":"Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 expression and effects of alpha lipoic acid on recovery in a rat model of facial nerve injury","volume":"10","author":"Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117959","article-title":"Resveratrol regulates the recovery of rat sciatic nerve crush injury by promoting the autophagy of Schwann cells","volume":"256","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05089-8","article-title":"Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress following spinal cord injury by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction via the SIRT1\/PGC1\u03b1\/DRP1 signaling pathway","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1663998\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T06:37:08Z","timestamp":1759732628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1663998\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1663998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1663998","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-889X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-889X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"article-number":"1663998"}}