{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:05:28Z","timestamp":1780553128645,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As of now, effective clinical treatments for burn-induced intestinal injury are still limited. Carbon dots (CDs), recognized for their unique biological activities, present a promising avenue for the development of innovative nanomedicine-based therapies aimed at addressing intestinal barrier dysfunction following burns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study reports the successful synthesis of a novel class of CDs\u2014specifically derived from\n                      <jats:italic>Sanguisorbae Radix carbonisata<\/jats:italic>\n                      (SRC-CDs)\u2014through a green, one-step pyrolysis method, using\n                      <jats:italic>Sanguisorbae Radix<\/jats:italic>\n                      as the sole precursor. A comprehensive suite of analytical techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, was employed to meticulously characterize the physicochemical properties, particle morphology, surface chemistry, and optical features of the synthesized SRC-CDs. Furthermore, the intestinal protective efficacy of SRC-CDs fabricated at varying pyrolysis temperatures (260 \u00b0C, 310 \u00b0C, 360 \u00b0C, and 410 \u00b0C) was evaluated in a murine model of 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness scald injury. Assessments included intestinal permeability biomarkers, tight junction protein expression, inflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Notably, SRC-CDs synthesized across a spectrum of pyrolysis temperatures (260 \u00b0C, 310 \u00b0C, 360 \u00b0C, and 410 \u00b0C) consistently exhibited particle diameters within a defined nanoscale range (2.0\u20138.0 nm) and featured a rich surface chemistry characterized by diverse functional groups, irrespective of the specific thermal conditions employed. Importantly,\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      administration of SRC-CDs conferred significant protection against burn-induced intestinal injury. This protective effect was manifested through the substantial mitigation of histopathological damage and the functional restoration of the intestinal barrier. Mechanistically, SRC-CDs treatment effectively restored intestinal barrier integrity, as demonstrated by a marked reduction in circulating levels of permeability markers, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and diamine oxidase (DAO), coupled with a robust upregulation of key tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and occludin, within the intestinal mucosa. At a molecular level, SRC-CDs exerted pronounced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, significantly suppressing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6) and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), while concurrently enhancing the activities of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study developed biocompatible SRC-CDs via green pyrolysis, demonstrating their efficacy in mitigating burn-induced intestinal injury. SRC-CDs enhanced barrier integrity, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, with the 360 \u00b0C-synthesized variant showing optimal bioactivity, thereby supporting the traditional use of SR and proposing a novel nanomaterial strategy for managing critical burn complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2026.1796404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:41:04Z","timestamp":1780551664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Carbon dots derived from Sanguisorbae Radix mitigate intestinal injury after severe burns: mechanisms involving barrier enhancement and oxidative stress amelioration"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Liwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baigong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meizhuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingxiu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junkang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02426-3","article-title":"Collision of herbal medicine and nanotechnology: a bibliometric analysis of herbal nanoparticles from 2004 to 2023","volume":"22","author":"Ai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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