{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T00:55:00Z","timestamp":1793667300619,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play central roles in evoking responses to hypoxia, and their activities are regulated by numerous molecules, including microRNAs. Organisms typically show differing tolerances to oxygen deficiency; the most common method of determining such tolerance involves examining the effects of sublethal hypoxic exposure (SHE) in a decompression chamber, which can lead to pathological changes in the internal organs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microRNAs and genes regulating cellular responses to hypoxia and inflammation expression levels in the peripheral blood leukocytes of laboratory animals before and 1 month following determination of hypoxia tolerance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In animals not exposed to hypoxic exposure, blood was collected from the tail vein. One month later, the rats\u2019 resistance to hypoxia was determined at a critical altitude (11,500 m) in a single test in a decompression chamber, based on the \u201cgasping time\u201d before assuming a lateral position and the appearance of signs of asphyxia. Two groups of rats were identified \u2013 tolerant and susceptible to hypoxia. The expression of\n mRNA Hif1a<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Epas1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Hif3a<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Arnt<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Vegf<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Epo<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Egln1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Nfkb<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Il1b<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Tnfa<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Tgfb<\/jats:italic>\n and microRNA\n rno-miR-210-5p<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n rno-miR-210-3p<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n rno-miR-107-5p<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n rno-miR-107-3p<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n rno-miR-145-5p<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n rno-miR-145-3p<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n rno-miR-155-5p<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n rno-miR-155-3p<\/jats:italic>\n in leukocytes was determined by real-time PCR. To assess the impact of SHE on internal organs, morphological and morphometric studies of the lungs were carried out.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared to tolerant rats, the susceptible animals demonstrated an initial high proinflammatory potential characterized by high\n Hif1a<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Epas1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Hif3a<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Nfkb<\/jats:italic>\n expression along with low levels of\n rno-miR-155-3p<\/jats:italic>\n and\n rno-miR-210-3p<\/jats:italic>\n in the leukocytes. We observed the activation of proinflammatory responses in both tolerant and susceptible animals, and additional expression level increases of\n Il1b<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Tnfa<\/jats:italic>\n were noted only in the susceptible rats.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n SHE has extended effects on organisms that last for at least a month. The indicators identified herein, which differ between the hypoxia-tolerant and hypoxia-susceptible animals before sublethal hypoxic exposure, can therefore be considered as biomarkers of the initial hypoxia tolerance potential.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2026.1796967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T04:55:27Z","timestamp":1775019327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MicroRNAs and genes regulating responses to hypoxia and inflammation expression levels in blood leukocytes as potential biomarkers of initial oxygen deficiency tolerance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Kirillova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Immunomorphology, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dzhuliia","family":"Dzhalilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Immunomorphology, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery","place":["Moscow, Russia"]},{"name":"Department of Histology, Petrovsky Medical University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Maiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Immunomorphology, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery","place":["Moscow, Russia"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Kirillov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. 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