{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T12:28:55Z","timestamp":1784291335068,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Biosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although endurance training is known to induce systemic adaptations involving inflammatory and hypoxia-related signaling, tissue-specific protein responses remain incompletely understood. Therefore, this study examined the effects of endurance training on inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia markers across multiple organs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male Wistar rats performed treadmill running (30\u201360 min\/day, 5 days\/week) for 8 weeks. Protein expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), transmembrane tumor necrosis factor\u2013alpha (tmTNF-\u03b1), soluble TNF-\u03b1 (sTNF-\u03b1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1\u03b1), and lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A) was assessed in the lungs, liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and brain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endurance training increased IL-6 protein levels in the lungs, liver, skeletal muscle, and heart, but decreased them in the brain. It also increased tmTNF-\u03b1 protein levels in the lungs, liver, skeletal muscle, and heart, but decreased them in the brain; it did not affect sTNF-\u03b1 protein levels in any organ. Hypoxia markers responded to endurance training in an organ-specific manner: HIF-1\u03b1 and KDM6A protein levels increased in the lungs, liver, and heart, whereas KDM6A protein levels increased while HIF-1\u03b1 protein levels were unchanged or decreased in the brain and skeletal muscles, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endurance training induces organ-specific regulation of inflammatory and hypoxia-related proteins. The differential responses of TNF-\u03b1 isoforms suggest distinct roles of local inflammatory signaling in exercise-induced adaptations. Of particular interest is the observed anti-inflammatory effect of endurance training in the brain, indicating distinct regulatory mechanisms within the CNS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2026.1815657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:32:59Z","timestamp":1778733179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endurance training increases tmTNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 levels in several vital organs in rats: relationship with hypoxia markers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Galganski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitochondrial Biochemistry Research Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy A.","family":"Zoladz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College","place":["Krakow, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wieslawa","family":"Jarmuszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitochondrial Biochemistry Research Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2304fje","article-title":"Physiological activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 in human skeletal muscle","volume":"19","author":"Ameln","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-5793(98)01031-x","article-title":"TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) is inhibited by TIMP-3","volume":"435","author":"Amour","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07896-1","article-title":"Redefining the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in oxygen homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Arias","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. 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