{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:04:03Z","timestamp":1790489043902,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Partly because of extensions in lifespan, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, while there is no effective approach to slow or prevent neuronal degeneration. As we all know, neurons cannot self-regenerate and may not be replaced once being damaged or degenerated in human brain. Astrocytes are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and proliferate once CNS injury or neurodegeneration occur. Actually, direct reprogramming astrocytes into functional neurons has been attracting more and more attention in recent years. Human astrocytes can be successfully converted into neurons <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Notably, <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> direct reprogramming of astrocytes into functional neurons were achieved in the adult mouse and non-human primate brains. In this review, we briefly summarized <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> direct reprogramming of astrocytes into functional neurons as regenerative strategies for CNS diseases, mainly focusing on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), and Huntington\u2019s disease (HD). We highlight and outline the advantages and challenges of direct neuronal reprogramming from astrocytes <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> for future neuroregenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.689276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T15:15:19Z","timestamp":1627917319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["In vivo Direct Conversion of Astrocytes to Neurons Maybe a Potential Alternative Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Youcui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxia","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028719","article-title":"Efficient conversion of astrocytes to functional midbrain dopaminergic neurons using a single polycistronic vector.","volume":"6","author":"Addis","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.01.004","article-title":"GDNF, NGF and BDNF as therapeutic options for neurodegeneration.","volume":"138","author":"Allen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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