{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:02:42Z","timestamp":1780498962074,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>This study aimed to evaluate whether engagement in leisure activities is linked to measures of brain structure, functional connectivity, and cognition in early old age.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>We examined data collected from 7,152 participants of the United Kingdom Biobank (UK Biobank) study. Weekly participation in six leisure activities was assessed twice and a cognitive battery and 3T MRI brain scan were administered at the second visit. Based on responses collected at two time points, individuals were split into one of four trajectory groups: (1) stable low engagement, (2) stable weekly engagement, (3) low to weekly engagement, and (4) weekly to low engagement.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Consistent weekly attendance at a sports club or gym was associated with connectivity of the sensorimotor functional network with the lateral visual (\u03b2 = 0.12, 95%CI = [0.07, 0.18], FDR<jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>= 2.48 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>) and cerebellar (\u03b2 = 0.12, 95%CI = [0.07, 0.18], FDR<jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>= 1.23 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>) networks. Visiting friends and family across the two timepoints was also associated with larger volumes of the occipital lobe (\u03b2 = 0.15, 95%CI = [0.08, 0.21], FDR<jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>= 0.03). Additionally, stable and weekly computer use was associated with global cognition (\u03b2 = 0.62, 95%CI = [0.35, 0.89], FDR<jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>= 1.16 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>). No other associations were significant (FDR<jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>&amp;gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold>This study demonstrates that not all leisure activities contribute to cognitive health equally, nor is there one unifying neural signature across diverse leisure activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.734866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T05:24:15Z","timestamp":1637040255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Leisure Activities and Their Relationship With MRI Measures of Brain Structure, Functional Connectivity, and Cognition in the UK Biobank Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Melis","family":"Anat\u00fcrk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus P.","family":"Ebmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Sexton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROIMAGE.2017.10.034","article-title":"Image processing and quality control for the first 10,000 brain imaging datasets from UK Biobank.","volume":"166","author":"Alfaro-Almagro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.05.023","article-title":"Normal neuroanatomical variation due to age: the major lobes and a parcellation of the temporal region.","volume":"26","author":"Allen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol. 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