{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:13:56Z","timestamp":1793214836400,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of mind\u2013body exercise on global cognitive function, depression, sleep disorders, fatigue level, and quality of life (QOL) in a Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) population.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Total six English and Chinese databases were searched for articles published up to May 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating mind\u2013body excises on non-motor symptoms of PD were included. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality, and we defined high-quality studies as having a low risk of bias in four or more domains. Global cognitive function was considered the primary outcome and was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The secondary outcomes included QOL, fatigue, depression, and sleep quality, which were measured using the Parkinson\u2019s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), 16-item Parkinson\u2019s Disease Fatigue Scale (PFS-16), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and revised Parkinson\u2019s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS-2), respectively. Subgroup analyses were conducted for global cognitive function and QOL to assess the optimal treatment measure across the various mind\u2013body exercises.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Fourteen RCTs with 404 patients were finally included in the meta-analysis. Eight (57.14%) studies were of high quality. The pooled results showed that mind\u2013body exercises generally had a significant advantage over the control intervention in improving global cognitive function (MD = 1.68; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0008). The dose subgroup analysis revealed that the low dose (60\u2013120 min per week) and moderate dose (120\u2013200 min per week) significantly increased MoCA scores compared with the control group (MD = 2.11, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01; MD = 1.27, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02, respectively). The duration subgroup analysis indicated a significant difference in the effect of the duration (6\u201310 and &amp;gt;15 weeks) on increasing MoCA scores compared with the control group (MD = 3.74, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.00001; MD = 1.45, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01, respectively).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Mind\u2013body exercise may improve global cognitive function, sleep quality, and QOL in the PD population. In addition, low to moderate doses and appropriate durations significantly improved global cognitive function.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold> [<jats:ext-link>www.ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>], identifier [CRD42021275522].<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.770920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T09:39:19Z","timestamp":1664185159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Mind\u2013Body Exercises for Non-motor Symptoms of Patients With Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqi","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianli","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingge","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0b013e3181f39d0e","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: a multicenter pooled analysis.","volume":"75","author":"Aarsland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.06.007","article-title":"The effect of Tai Chi exercise on gait initiation and gait performance in persons with Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"19","author":"Amano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Park. 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