{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T04:30:05Z","timestamp":1794025805831,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease effects a large percentage of elderly dementia patients and is diagnosed on the basis of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) present in the brain. Urinary incontinence (UI) is often found in the elderly populations and multiple studies have shown that it is more common in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients than those with normal cognitive function. However, the link between increased UI and Alzheimer\u2019s disease is still unclear. Amyloid plaques and NFTs present in micturition centers of the brain could cause a loss of signal to the bladder, resulting in the inability to properly void. Additionally, as Alzheimer\u2019s disease progresses, patients become less likely to recognize the need or understand the appropriate time and place to void. There are several treatments for UI targeting the muscarinic and \u03b23 adrenergic receptors, which are present in the bladder and the brain. While these treatments may aid in UI, they often have effects on the brain with cognitive impairment side-effects. Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors are often used in treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and directly oppose effects of anti-muscarinics used for UI, making UI management in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients difficult. There are currently over 200 pre-clinical models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, however, little research has been done on voiding disfunction in these models. There is preliminary data suggesting these models have similar voiding behavior to Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients but much more research is needed to understand the link between UI and Alzheimer\u2019s disease and discover better treatment options for managing both simultaneously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.777819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T06:03:19Z","timestamp":1639720999000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Urinary Incontinence and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Insights From Patients and Preclinical Models"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Bartolone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasun","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Chancellor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.07205.x","article-title":"Muscarinic receptor antagonists for overactive bladder.","volume":"100","author":"Abrams","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-4295(02)02243-4","article-title":"The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society.","volume":"61","author":"Abrams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B3","author":"Abrams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Incontinence"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13702","article-title":"American geriatrics society 2015 updated beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults.","volume":"63","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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