{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:19:28Z","timestamp":1787026768394,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid \u03b2 deposition-induced hippocampal synaptic dysfunction generally begins prior to neuronal degeneration and memory impairment.\n                    <jats:italic>Lycium barbarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts (LBE) have been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in various animal models of neurodegeneration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of LBE on the synapse loss in AD through the avenue of the retina in a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). We fed 3xTg-AD mice with low (200 mg\/kg) or high (2 g\/kg) dose hydrophilic LBE daily for 2 months from the starting age of 4- or 6-month-old. For those started at 6 month age, at 1 month (though not 2 months) after starting treatment, mice given high dose LBE showed a significant increase of a wave and b wave in scotopic ERG. After 2 months of treatment with high dose LBE, calpain-2, calpain-5, and the oxidative RNA marker 8-OHG were downregulated, and presynaptic densities in the inner plexiform layer but not the outer plexiform layer of the retina were significantly increased, suggesting the presynaptic structure of retina was preserved. Our results indicate that LBE feeding may preserve synapse stability in the retina of 3xTg-AD mice, probably by decreasing both oxidative stress and intracellular calcium influx. Thus, LBE might have potential as a neuroprotectant for AD through synapse preservation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.788798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:46:50Z","timestamp":1642034810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Preservation of Retinal Function Through Synaptic Stabilization in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mouse Retina by Lycium Barbarum Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shasha","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youhong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoying","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond Chuen-Chung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwok Fai","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kin","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12873","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12873","article-title":"Temporal and regional progression of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in 3xTg-AD mice","volume":"18","author":"Belfiore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.01.040","article-title":"Intraneuronal Abeta causes the onset of early Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive deficits in transgenic mice","volume":"45","author":"Billings","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.10.007","article-title":"Age-related changes in neuroactive steroid levels in 3xTg-AD mice","volume":"34","author":"Caruso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.3791\/3377","article-title":"Morphometric analyses of retinal sections","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01237.x","article-title":"Involvement of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2alpha in neuronal degeneration","volume":"83","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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