{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:15:59Z","timestamp":1792512959043,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009389","name":"Stiftelsen Promobilia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008444","name":"Parkinsonfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008444","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018713","name":"Center for Innovative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alterations in speech and voice are among the most common symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), often resulting in motor speech disorders such as hypokinetic dysarthria. We investigated dysarthria, verbal fluency, executive functions, and global cognitive function in relation to structural and resting-state brain changes in people with PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with mild-moderate PD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 83) were recruited within a randomized controlled trial and divided into groups with varying degrees of dysarthria: no dysarthria (noDPD), mild dysarthria (mildDPD), moderate dysarthria (modDPD), and also combined mildDPD and modDPD into one group (totDPD). Voice sound level and dysphonia, verbal fluency, motor symptoms, executive functions, disease severity, global cognition, and neuroimaging were compared between groups. Gray matter volume and intensity of spontaneous brain activity were analyzed. Additionally, regressions between behavioral and neuroimaging data were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The groups differed significantly in mean voice sound level, dysphonia, and motor symptom severity. Comparing different severity levels of dysarthria to noDPD, groups differed focally in resting-state activity, but not in brain structure. In totDPD, lower scores on semantic verbal fluency, a composite score of executive functions, and global cognition correlated with lower superior temporal gyrus volume.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows that severity of dysarthria may be related to underlying structural and resting-state brain alterations in PD as well as behavioral changes. Further, the superior temporal gyrus may play an important role in executive functions, language, and global cognition in people with PD and dysarthria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.870998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T04:59:45Z","timestamp":1652677185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Characterization of Mild and Moderate Dysarthria in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Behavioral Measures and Neural Correlates"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hanna","family":"Steurer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellika","family":"Schalling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Franz\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.11.004","article-title":"FDG-PET hypometabolism is more sensitive than MRI atrophy in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A whole-brain multimodal imaging meta-analysis.","volume":"21","author":"Albrecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.10.016","article-title":"Pathomechanisms and compensatory efforts related to Parkinsonian speech.","volume":"4","author":"Arnold","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0582","article-title":"Voxel-based morphometry\u2013the methods.","volume":"11","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968318812726","article-title":"Neural Correlates of Hypokinetic Dysarthria and Mechanisms of Effective Voice Treatment in Parkinson Disease.","volume":"32","author":"Baumann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurorehabilit. 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