{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:54:48Z","timestamp":1788368088967,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Family history (FH) of late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is associated with changes in several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in cognitively normal individuals. However, potential changes in plasma biomarkers remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate potential plasma biomarkers and their correlation in cognitively normal adult children (AC) and to compare this data with their AD parents and unrelated non-demented controls (NC). Participants with dementia due to AD, their AC and NC were recruited. Plasma samples were assessed for amyloid beta (A\u03b2)<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub>, A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201340<\/jats:sub>, total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). Kruskal\u2013Wallis test was used for the comparison of this data between the three groups. Spearman rank correlation was used for evaluation of the correlations between A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201340<\/jats:sub> and A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub>, and T-tau and P-tau in the AD and AC groups. A total of 99 subjects completed the assessment (30 had AD; 38 were AC group; and 31 were NC). Compared with the NC group, there were significantly higher levels of A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201340<\/jats:sub>, P-tau, and P-tau\/T-tau ratio, and lower levels of A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub> and A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub>\/A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201340<\/jats:sub> ratio in the AD and AC groups. The correlation between the level of A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub> and A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201340<\/jats:sub> and level of T-tau and P-tau was only observed in the AC but not in the AD group. AC of AD parents demonstrate some indicators of AD like their parents. Disruption to the correlation between A\u03b2 and tau in AD may be a biomarker for the development of AD in AC, which should be examined in a longitudinal cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.977515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T05:05:43Z","timestamp":1661835943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Plasma biomarkers and their correlation in adult children of parents with Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ling-Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Pin","family":"Chuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzyh-Chyuan","family":"Hour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Han","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2009.00083","article-title":"Serum Abeta levels as predictors of conversion to mild cognitive impairment\/Alzheimer disease in an ADAPT subcohort.","volume":"15","author":"Abdullah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.4","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer disease.","volume":"6","author":"Blennow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000441776","article-title":"Comparison between early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients with amnestic presentation: CSF and (18)F-FDG PET Study.","volume":"6","author":"Chiaravalloti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Dis. Extra"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.07.001","article-title":"Plasma amyloid-beta and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in the Framingham Heart Study.","volume":"11","author":"Chouraki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988705281881","article-title":"Antecedent biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: The adult children study.","volume":"18","author":"Coats","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23746-0","article-title":"Plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease improve prediction of cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired elderly populations.","volume":"12","author":"Cullen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-00967-z","article-title":"The Abeta1-42\/Abeta1-40 ratio in CSF is more strongly associated to tau markers and clinical progression than Abeta1-42 alone.","volume":"14","author":"Delaby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.02.002","article-title":"Preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Definition, natural history, and diagnostic criteria.","volume":"12","author":"Dubois","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.007","article-title":"CAIDE Dementia Risk Score and biomarkers of neurodegeneration in memory clinic patients without dementia.","volume":"42","author":"Enache","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1015","article-title":"Heritability of plasma amyloid beta in typical late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease pedigrees.","volume":"21","author":"Ertekin-Taner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000278386.00035.21","article-title":"Plasma amyloid beta protein is elevated in late-onset Alzheimer disease families.","volume":"70","author":"Ertekin-Taner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000172958.95282.2a","article-title":"The AD8: A brief informant interview to detect dementia.","volume":"65","author":"Galvin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.3.354","article-title":"Association of low plasma Abeta42\/Abeta40 ratios with increased imminent risk for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease.","volume":"64","author":"Graff-Radford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091907","article-title":"Cross-Sectional exploration of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in down syndrome: Early data from the longitudinal investigation for enhancing down syndrome research (LIFE-DSR) study.","volume":"10","author":"Hendrix","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.12.1930","article-title":"APOE genotype, family history of dementia, and Alzheimer disease risk: A 6-year follow-up study.","volume":"61","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70299-6","article-title":"Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer\u2019s pathological cascade.","volume":"9","author":"Jack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30077-7","article-title":"Age-specific and sex-specific prevalence of cerebral beta-amyloidosis, tauopathy, and neurodegeneration in cognitively unimpaired individuals aged 50-95 years: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"16","author":"Jack","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0755-1","article-title":"Plasma P-tau181 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Relationship to other biomarkers, differential diagnosis, neuropathology and longitudinal progression to Alzheimer\u2019s dementia.","volume":"26","author":"Janelidze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2007.61","article-title":"Conjugal Alzheimer disease: Risk in children when both parents have Alzheimer disease.","volume":"65","author":"Jayadev","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70537-3","article-title":"Risk score for the prediction of dementia risk in 20 years among middle aged people: A longitudinal, population-based study.","volume":"5","author":"Kivipelto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e688","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013211","article-title":"Validation of plasma amyloid-beta 42\/40 for detecting Alzheimer disease amyloid plaques.","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.34.7.939","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of department of health and human services task force on Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"34","author":"McKhann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00593-7","article-title":"Dynamics of plasma biomarkers in Down syndrome: The relative levels of Abeta42 decrease with age, whereas NT1 tau and NfL increase.","volume":"12","author":"Mengel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/910502","article-title":"The Beta-amyloid protein of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Communication breakdown by modifying the neuronal cytoskeleton.","volume":"2013","author":"Mokhtar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.43.11.2412-a","article-title":"The clinical dementia rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules.","volume":"43","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145007","article-title":"Serum tau proteins as potential biomarkers for the assessment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression.","volume":"21","author":"Nam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.04.008","article-title":"Understanding the impact of sex and gender in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A call to action.","volume":"14","author":"Nebel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199903)45:3<358::AID-ANA12>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Tangles and plaques in nondemented aging and \u201cpreclinical\u201d Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"45","author":"Price","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.002","article-title":"Neuropathology of nondemented aging: Presumptive evidence for preclinical Alzheimer disease.","volume":"30","author":"Price","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1099","article-title":"Brain imaging and blood biomarker abnormalities in children with autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"72","author":"Quiroz","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population.","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2019.05.007","article-title":"Plasma amyloid beta levels are associated with cerebral amyloid and tau deposition.","volume":"11","author":"Risacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement. (Amst.)"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-101977","article-title":"Meta-analysis of plasma amyloid-beta levels in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70501-4","article-title":"Plasma Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) and the risk of dementia: A prospective case-cohort study.","volume":"5","author":"van Oijen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317513504818","article-title":"Registration of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Taiwan: Patient and informant.","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.208","article-title":"Role of family history for Alzheimer biomarker abnormalities in the adult children study.","volume":"68","author":"Xiong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.977515\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T05:05:45Z","timestamp":1661835945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.977515\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnagi.2022.977515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.977515","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"article-number":"977515"}}