{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:02:33Z","timestamp":1791590553371,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ether glycerophospholipids (GPL) are involved in membrane fluidity and fusion. Vinyl-ether GPL are also conjectured to provide antioxidant capacity in the brain. The roles of these lipids in the processes involved in the development of dementia are not understood but choline and ethanolamine vinyl-ether GPL (i.e., plasmalogens) are decreased in the brains of subjects with dementia. In contrast, serine ether and vinyl-ether GPL have not been investigated in human brain. We therefore undertook an evaluation of these lipids, utilizing high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), in tissues from control and dementia subjects that we had previously characterized in-depth. We can report for the first time that a number of serine ether GPL and a more limited number of serine plasmalogens are present in human frontal cortex. In addition, we found that some of these frontal cortex lipids are decreased in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease (EOAD), and late-onset AD (LOAD). In contrast no alterations in serine ether GPL were monitored in the frontal cortex of donors with schizophrenia, demonstrating disease specificity. These data suggest that further studies of the roles of ether GPL, including serine ether GPL, in brain function are worthy of undertaking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.981868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T07:24:45Z","timestamp":1659943485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Serine ether glycerophospholipids: Decrements in the frontal cortex associated with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Paul L.","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall L.","family":"Woltjer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2003.12.010","article-title":"Functions of plasmalogens in health and disease.","volume":"1636","author":"Brites","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.274142","article-title":"Comparative lipidomic analysis of mouse and human brain with Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"287","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2008.04.002","article-title":"Human lens lipids differ markedly from those of commonly used experimental animals.","volume":"1781","author":"Deeley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1021\/ac802395d","article-title":"Identification of abundant alkyl ether glycerophospholipids in the human lens by tandem mass spectrometry techniques.","volume":"81","author":"Deeley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasms.2010.09.003","article-title":"Imaging of human lens lipids by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.","volume":"21","author":"Ellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a43e45","article-title":"Neuropathologic basis of white matter hyperintensity accumulation with advanced age.","volume":"81","author":"Erten-Lyons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay1436","article-title":"A bacterial light response reveals an orphan desaturase for human plasmalogen synthesis.","volume":"366","author":"Gallego-Garc\u00eda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00931-f","article-title":"Disease and anatomic specificity of ethanolamine plasmalogen deficiency in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain.","volume":"698","author":"Ginsberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00332.x","article-title":"Plasmalogen deficiency in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease subjects and in animal models: molecular characterization using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.","volume":"77","author":"Han","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00876-5","article-title":"Lipidomic profiling reveals biosynthetic relationships between phospholipids and diacylglycerol ethers in the deep-sea soft coral Paragorgia arborea.","volume":"11","author":"Imbs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D003715","article-title":"Identification of atypical ether-linked glycerophospholipid species in macrophages by mass spectrometry.","volume":"51","author":"Ivanova","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32489-5","article-title":"Characterizations of Pneumocystis carinii and rat lung lipids: glyceryl ethers and fatty alcohols.","volume":"39","author":"Kaneshiro","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0836-9","article-title":"Peroxisomal alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"122","author":"Kou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-004-1202-x","article-title":"Fatty acids of serine, ethanolamine, and choline plasmalogens in some marine bivalves.","volume":"39","author":"Kraffe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000452486","article-title":"The risk of incident mild cognitive impairment and progression to dementia considering mild cognitive impairment subtypes.","volume":"7","author":"Michaud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Dis. Extra"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D022962","article-title":"Comparative study of serine-plasmalogens in human retina and optic nerve: identification of atypical species with odd carbon chains.","volume":"53","author":"Nagy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Lipid. Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.7888\/juoeh.30.269","article-title":"Densitometric quantification of ether-type phospholipids.","volume":"30","author":"Oe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Uoeh"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(86)90265-1","article-title":"Composition and fatty acid content of rat ventral prostate phospholipids.","volume":"879","author":"Pulido","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-011-3556-y","article-title":"Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography: ESI-MS\/MS of plasmalogen phospholipids from Pectinatus bacterium.","volume":"46","author":"Rezanka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-3870","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine Synthase PTDSS1 Shapes the tumor lipidome to maintain tumor-promoting inflammation.","volume":"82","author":"Sekar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(73)90133-1","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine and its plasmalogen analogue as major lipid constituents in Megasphaera elsdenii.","volume":"326","author":"van Golde","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7792","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917461117","article-title":"The TMEM189 gene encodes plasmanylethanolamine desaturase which introduces the characteristic vinyl ether double bond into plasmalogens.","volume":"117","author":"Werner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B23","article-title":"Lipidomics of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: current status.","volume":"4","author":"Wood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14800\/nt.263","article-title":"Accumulation of N-Acylphosphatidylserines and N-Acylserines in the Frontal Cortex in Schizophrenia.","volume":"1","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotransmitter"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6946-3_2","article-title":"Non-targeted lipidomics utilizing constant infusion high resolution ESI mass spectrometry.","volume":"125","author":"Wood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipidomics"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2015.18","article-title":"Non-targeted lipidomics of CSF and frontal cortex grey and white matter in control, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease subjects.","volume":"27","author":"Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.08.029","article-title":"Lipidomics reveals dysfunctional glycosynapses in schizophrenia and the G72\/G30 transgenic mouse.","volume":"159","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.981868\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T07:24:54Z","timestamp":1659943494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.981868\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnagi.2022.981868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.981868","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"article-number":"981868"}}