{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:19:17Z","timestamp":1790813957827,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) plays important roles in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Its main role includes three kinds of functions: (1) to protect the central nervous system from blood-borne toxins and pathogens; (2) to regulate the exchange of substances between the brain parenchyma and capillaries; and (3) to clear metabolic waste and other neurotoxic compounds from the central nervous system into meningeal lymphatics and systemic circulation. Physiologically, the BBB belongs to the glymphatic system and the intramural periarterial drainage pathway, both of which are involved in clearing interstitial solutes such as \u03b2-amyloid proteins. Thus, the BBB is believed to contribute to preventing the onset and progression for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Measurements of BBB function are essential toward a better understanding of Alzheimer\u2019s pathophysiology to establish novel imaging biomarkers and open new avenues of interventions for Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias. The visualization techniques for capillary, cerebrospinal, and interstitial fluid dynamics around the neurovascular unit in living human brains have been enthusiastically developed. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent BBB imaging developments using advanced magnetic resonance imaging technologies in relation to Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias. First, we give an overview of the relationship between Alzheimer\u2019s pathophysiology and BBB dysfunction. Second, we provide a brief description about the principles of non-contrast agent-based and contrast agent-based BBB imaging methodologies. Third, we summarize previous studies that have reported the findings of each BBB imaging method in individuals with the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum. Fourth, we introduce a wide range of Alzheimer\u2019s pathophysiology in relation to BBB imaging technologies to advance our understanding of the fluid dynamics around the BBB in both clinical and preclinical settings. Finally, we discuss the challenges of BBB imaging techniques and suggest future directions toward clinically useful imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1111448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T01:01:12Z","timestamp":1675904472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Contributions of blood\u2013brain barrier imaging to neurovascular unit pathophysiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuto","family":"Uchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohito","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Oishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Matsukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81093","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081093","article-title":"In vivo quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"8","author":"Acosta-Cabronero","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615829","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/615829","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier and microvascular water exchange in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2011","author":"Anderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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