{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:03:07Z","timestamp":1793142187380,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003718","name":"Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018749","name":"Korea Brain Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early screening of elderly individuals who are at risk of dementia allows timely medical interventions to prevent disease progression. The portable and low-cost electroencephalography (EEG) technique has the potential to serve it.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined prefrontal EEG and event-related potential (ERP) variables in association with the predementia stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred elderly individuals were recruited from the GARD cohort. The participants were classified into four groups according to their amyloid beta deposition (A+ or A\u2212) and neurodegeneration status (N+ or N\u2212): cognitively normal (CN; A\u2212N\u2212, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 27), asymptomatic AD (aAD; A + N\u2212, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with AD pathology (pAD; A+N+, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 16), and MCI with non-AD pathology (MCI(\u2212); A\u2212N+, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 42). Prefrontal resting-state eyes-closed EEG measurements were recorded for five minutes and auditory ERP measurements were recorded for 8 min. Three variables of median frequency (MDF), spectrum triangular index (STI), and positive-peak latency (PPL) were employed to reflect EEG slowing, temporal synchrony, and ERP latency, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decreasing prefrontal MDF and increasing PPL were observed in the MCI with AD pathology. Interestingly, after controlling for age, sex, and education, we found a significant negative association between MDF and the aAD and pAD stages with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.58. Similarly, PPL exhibited a significant positive association with these AD stages with an OR of 2.36. Additionally, compared with the MCI(-) group, significant negative associations were demonstrated by the aAD group with STI and those in the pAD group with MDF with ORs of 0.30 and 0.42, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Slow intrinsic EEG oscillation is associated with MCI due to AD, and a delayed ERP peak latency is likely associated with general cognitive impairment. MCI individuals without AD pathology exhibited better cortical temporal synchronization and faster EEG oscillations than those with aAD or pAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The EEG\/ERP variables obtained from prefrontal EEG techniques are associated with early cognitive impairment due to AD and non-AD pathology. This result suggests that prefrontal EEG\/ERP metrics may serve as useful indicators to screen elderly individuals\u2019 early stages on the AD continuum as well as overall cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1131857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T05:28:24Z","timestamp":1679549304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Prefrontal EEG slowing, synchronization, and ERP peak latency in association with predementia stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jungmi","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boncho","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieu Ni Thi","family":"Doan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonseok","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeuk U.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008","article-title":"The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"7","author":"Albert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12638","article-title":"2022 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures.","volume":"18","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.6.673","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid \u03b2-amyloid(1-42) in Alzheimer disease: Differences between early- and late-onset Alzheimer disease and stability during the course of disease.","volume":"56","author":"Andreasen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103836","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid p-tau231 as an early indicator of emerging pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"76","author":"Ashton","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.11.023","article-title":"Human cortical EEG rhythms during long-term episodic memory task. A high-resolution EEG study of the HERA model.","volume":"21","author":"Babiloni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.01.012","article-title":"Resting-state posterior alpha rhythms are abnormal in subjective memory complaint seniors with preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s neuropathology and high education level: The INSIGHT-preAD study.","volume":"90","author":"Babiloni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202753","article-title":"Clinical and Biomarker Changes in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer\u2019s Disease.","volume":"367","author":"Bateman","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.4.308","article-title":"The cholinergic deficit coincides with Abeta deposition at the earliest histopathologic stages of Alzheimer disease.","volume":"59","author":"Beach","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e31823cc2d3","article-title":"Can event-related potential predict the progression of mild cognitive impairment?.","volume":"28","author":"Bennys","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000291897","article-title":"Cognitive brain potentials and their application.","volume":"157","author":"Blackwood","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-017-0073-9","article-title":"Review of fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Moving from CSF to blood.","volume":"6","author":"Blennow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.06.004","article-title":"Assessing neuronal networks: Understanding Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"89","author":"Bokde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.5124\/jkma.2011.54","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for dementia by clinical research center for dementia of South Korea.","volume":"54","author":"Bon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.. Korean Med. Assoc."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.2307\/2532457","article-title":"Assessing proportionality in the proportional odds model for ordinal logistic regression.","volume":"46","author":"Brant","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5174815","article-title":"Systematic review on resting-state EEG for Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis and progression assessment.","volume":"2018","author":"Cassani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46789-2","article-title":"Resting-state prefrontal EEG biomarkers in correlation with MMSE scores in elderly individuals.","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059420914832","article-title":"Assessing the retest reliability of prefrontal EEG variables of brain rhythm slowing in the eyes-closed resting state.","volume":"51","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. EEG Neurosci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2007.11.002","article-title":"Quantitative EEG in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients - power spectrum and complexity features.","volume":"68","author":"Czigler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/539621","article-title":"Slowing and loss of complexity in Alzheimer\u2019s EEG: Two sides of the same coin?.","volume":"2011","author":"Dauwels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219635206001021","article-title":"EEG variables for cognitive decline in elderly subjects with subjective memory complaints.","volume":"5","author":"David","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2015.04.002","article-title":"Pitfalls and limitations in simultaneous PET\/MRI.","volume":"45","author":"Delso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.659817","article-title":"Predicting Dementia With Prefrontal Electroencephalography and Event-Related Potential.","volume":"13","author":"Doan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-4328(00)00261-8","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: More than a \u2018cholinergic disorder\u2019 - evidence that cholinergic-monoaminergic interactions contribute to EEG slowing and dementia.","volume":"115","author":"Dringenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.351","article-title":"MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia and normal aging.","volume":"149","author":"Fazekas","year":"1987","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200046","article-title":"Plasma amyloid concentration in alzheimer\u2019s disease: Performance of a high-throughput amyloid assay in distinguishing Alzheimer\u2019s disease cases from controls.","volume":"74","author":"Feinkohl","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-018-0674-3","article-title":"Cortical network topology in prodromal and mild dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Graph theory applied to resting state EEG.","volume":"32","author":"Franciotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.12.013","article-title":"Associations of event-related brain potentials and Alzheimer\u2019s disease severity: A longitudinal study.","volume":"92","author":"Fruehwirt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00100","article-title":"Brain-wide slowing of spontaneous alpha rhythms in mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"5","author":"Garc\u00e9s","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.12.025","article-title":"A new EEG recording system for passive dry electrodes.","volume":"121","author":"Gargiulo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz150","article-title":"EEG evidence of compensatory mechanisms in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"142","author":"Gaubert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c1de77","article-title":"Cortical event-related potentials in preclinical familial Alzheimer disease.","volume":"73","author":"Golob","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.017","article-title":"EEG spectral analysis as a putative early prognostic biomarker in nondemented, amyloid positive subjects.","volume":"57","author":"Gouw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2014.01.015","article-title":"The clinical utility of the auditory P300 latency subcomponent event-related potential in preclinical diagnosis of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"86","author":"Howe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70291-0","article-title":"Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers.","volume":"12","author":"Jack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101878","article-title":"Neural oscillations and brain stimulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"194","author":"Jafari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.01.001","article-title":"EEG dynamics in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"115","author":"Jeong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205043480609","article-title":"Cognitive event-related potentials: Useful clinical information in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"1","author":"Katada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1767678\/v1","article-title":"The predictive potential of preoperative electroencephalography for postoperative delirium.","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Squ."},{"key":"B40","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer disease."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.001","article-title":"The role of event-related potentials in cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"121","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0250-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease utilizing amyloid and tau as fluid biomarkers.","volume":"51","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37685","article-title":"Alpha band disruption in the AD-continuum starts in the subjective cognitive decline stage: A MEG study.","volume":"6","author":"L\u00f3pez-Sanz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"63","article-title":"Pattern visual evoked potential mapping in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Correlations with visuospatial impairment.","volume":"7","author":"Martinelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005","article-title":"The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"7","author":"McKhann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244180","article-title":"Resting state EEG biomarkers of cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"16","author":"Meghdadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20100","article-title":"Cholinergic nucleus basalis tauopathy emerges early in the aging-MCI-AD continuum.","volume":"55","author":"Mesulam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.09.009","article-title":"Working memory load-related electroencephalographic parameters can differentiate progressive from stable mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"150","author":"Missonnier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910889","article-title":"Electroencephalography as a non-invasive biomarker of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A forgotten candidate to substitute CSF molecules?.","volume":"22","author":"Monllor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy044","article-title":"Electromagnetic signatures of the preclinical and prodromal stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"141","author":"Nakamura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200605000-00006","article-title":"Electroencephalographic approximate entropy changes in healthy volunteers during remifentanil infusion.","volume":"104","author":"Noh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112904","article-title":"A systematic review of cognitive event-related potentials in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"396","author":"Paitel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.12.036","article-title":"Cognitive event-related potentials: Longitudinal changes in mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"122","author":"Papaliagkas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236694","article-title":"Negative effect of methyl bromide fumigation work on the central nervous system.","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2174\/156720505774932214","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and P300: Review and evaluation of task and modality.","volume":"2","author":"Polich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318227b1b0","article-title":"Event-related potential variables of brain changes in preclinical familial Alzheimer disease.","volume":"77","author":"Quiroz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12349","article-title":"Reduced synchrony in alpha oscillations during life predicts post mortem neurofibrillary tangle density in early-onset and atypical Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"17","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2016.06.006","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of a single-channel, wireless EEG system.","volume":"106","author":"Rogers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00613-6","article-title":"EEG alpha reactivity and cholinergic system integrity in Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"12","author":"Schumacher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-022-02554-2","article-title":"Network synchronization deficits caused by dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease serve as topographical biomarkers: A pilot study.","volume":"227","author":"Sedghizadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2018.07.29.1","article-title":"Pre-mild cognitive impairment: Can visual memory predict who rapidly convert to mild cognitive impairment?.","volume":"15","author":"Seo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160052","article-title":"Altered executive function in pre-mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"54","author":"Seo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-101977","article-title":"Meta-analysis of plasma amyloid-\u03b2 levels in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.003","article-title":"Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"7","author":"Sperling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e22020239","article-title":"Complexity analysis of EEG, MEG, and fMRI in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A review.","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210556","article-title":"Investigating auditory electrophysiological measures of participants with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of event-related potential studies.","volume":"84","author":"Tarawneh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21111","article-title":"The cholinergic system in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An in vivo MRI and DTI study.","volume":"32","author":"Teipel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/349249","article-title":"Electroencephalogram and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Clinical and research approaches.","volume":"2014","author":"Tsolaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70044-9","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2 deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A prospective cohort study.","volume":"12","author":"Villemagne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijge.2014.07.001","article-title":"Is the electroencephalogram power spectrum valuable for diagnosis of the elderly with cognitive impairment?.","volume":"9","author":"Ya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Gerontol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063004","article-title":"Psycho-electrophysiological benefits of forest therapies focused on qigong and walking with elderly individuals.","volume":"18","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224325","article-title":"Traditional Korean medicine-based forest therapy programs providing electrophysiological benefits for elderly individuals.","volume":"16","author":"Yi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1131857\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T05:28:38Z","timestamp":1679549318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1131857\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1131857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1131857","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"article-number":"1131857"}}