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Although dementia is a devastating and costly diagnosis, there remains limited evidence for medications, therapies, and devices that improve cognition or attenuate the transition into dementia. There is an urgent need to intervene early in neurodegenerative processes leading to dementia (e.g., depression and mild cognitive impairment). In this targeted review and commentary, we highlight transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) as a neurostimulation method with unique opportunities for applications in diseases of aging, reviewing recent literature, feasibility of use with remote data collection methods\/telehealth, as well as limitations and conflicts in the literature. In particular, small sample sizes, uneven age distributions of participants, lack of standardized protocols, and oversampling of non-representative groups (e.g., older adults with no comorbid diagnoses) limit our understanding of the potential of this method. We offer recommendations for how to improve representativeness, statistical power, and generalizability of tVNS research by integrating remote data collection techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1145207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T01:01:52Z","timestamp":1689037312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) applications in cognitive aging: a review and commentary"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Naparstek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley K.","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Mills-Finnerty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Migraine and Cluster Headache."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709","article-title":"An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: Adaptive gain and optimal performance.","volume":"28","author":"Aston-Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. 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