{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:10:04Z","timestamp":1790122204262,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cortical amyloid deposition is a common observation in Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia (PDD) patients. A\u03b21-42 is linked to a more rapid progression of dementia. Platelets, which degranulate upon activation, are a primary source of A\u03b2. It has been repeatedly reported that peripheral extracellular vesicles (EVs) can partially reach the central nervous system. Thus, we speculate that activated platelet-derived A\u03b21-42-containing EVs (PEV-A\u03b21-42) play a crucial role in the cognitive decline of PD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 189 participants: 66 with non-dementia PD, 73 with PDD, and 50 healthy controls. All participants underwent blood collection and clinical assessments. Twenty PD patients underwent re-examination and repeated blood collection 14\u2009months later. A nano-scale flow cytometry assay was used to detect PEVs and PEV-A\u03b21-42 using fluorescence-labeled CD62P and A\u03b21-42 antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia patients had higher PEV-A\u03b21-42 concentrations than healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028). The ratio of PEV-A\u03b21-42 to PEV was significantly higher in PDD patients compared to those in non-dementia PD and healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>PD-ND<\/jats:sub>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>HC<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.041). The PEV-A\u03b21-42\/PEV ratio appears to influence the odds of developing dementia (OR\u2009=\u20091.76, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The change in the PEV-A\u03b21-42\/PEV ratio was also correlated with cognitive decline over 14\u2009months (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.447, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The plasma PEV-A\u03b21-42\/PEV ratio may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PDD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1170663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T04:47:10Z","timestamp":1681447630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A\u03b21-42-containing platelet-derived extracellular vesicle is associated with cognitive decline in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanchu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenwei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.56.6.730","article-title":"Risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease: a community-based, prospective study","volume":"56","author":"Aarsland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3","article-title":"Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment","volume":"7","author":"Aarsland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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