{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:22:32Z","timestamp":1788880952367,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excess body weight and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) disproportionately affect older African Americans. While mid-life obesity increases risk for AD, few data exist on the relationship between late-life obesity and AD, or how obesity-based and genetic risk for AD interact. Although the APOE-\u03b54 allele confers a strong genetic risk for AD, it is unclear if late-life obesity poses a greater risk for APOE-\u03b54 carriers compared to non-carriers. Here we assessed: (1) the influence of body mass index (BMI) (normal; overweight; class 1 obese; \u2265 class 2 obese) on cognitive and structural MRI measures of AD risk; and (2) the interaction between BMI and APOE-\u03b54 in older African Americans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy cognitively normal older African American participants (M<jats:sub><jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 69.50 years; M<jats:sub><jats:italic>BMI<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 31.01 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; 39% APOE-\u03b54 allele carriers; 86% female) completed anthropometric measurements, physical assessments, saliva collection for APOE-\u03b54 genotyping, cognitive testing, health and lifestyle questionnaires, and structural neuroimaging [volume\/surface area (SA) for medial temporal lobe subregions and hippocampal subfields]. Covariates included age, sex, education, literacy, depressive symptomology, and estimated aerobic fitness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using ANCOVAs, we observed that individuals who were overweight demonstrated better hippocampal cognitive function (generalization of learning: a sensitive marker of preclinical AD) than individuals with normal BMI, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.016, \u03b7<jats:sub><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>2 = 0.18. However, individuals in the obese categories who were APOE-\u03b54 non-carriers had larger hippocampal subfield cornu Ammonis region 1 (CA1) volumes, while those who were APOE-\u03b54 carriers had smaller CA1 volumes, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003, \u03b7<jats:sub><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>2 = 0.23.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thus, being overweight by BMI standards may preserve hippocampal function, but obesity reduces hippocampal structure and function in older African Americans with the APOE-\u03b54 Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk allele.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1239727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T05:20:11Z","timestamp":1693804811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Obesity reduces hippocampal structure and function in older African Americans with the APOE-\u03b54 Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk allele"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Osiecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette A.","family":"Fausto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua L.","family":"Gills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven K.","family":"Malin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Gluck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16814","article-title":"Changes in body mass index are related to faster cognitive decline among African American older adults.","volume":"68","author":"Aiken-Morgan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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