{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T14:57:45Z","timestamp":1793026665148,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) diagnosis remains challenging, necessitating specific biomarkers for timely detection. This study aimed to identify such biomarkers and explore their associations with cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort of 1759 individuals across cognitive aging stages, including healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD, was examined. Utilizing nine biomarkers from structural MRI (sMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and positron emission tomography (PET), predictions were made for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDRSB), and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS). Biomarkers included four sMRI (e.g., average thickness [ATH]), four DTI (e.g., mean diffusivity [MD]), and one PET Amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) measure. Ensemble regression tree (ERT) technique with bagging and random forest approaches were applied in four groups (HC\/MCI, HC\/AD, MCI\/AD, and HC\/MCI\/AD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A\u03b2 emerged as a robust predictor of cognitive scores, particularly in late-stage AD. Volumetric measures, notably ATH, consistently correlated with cognitive scores across early and late disease stages. Additionally, ADAS demonstrated links to various neuroimaging biomarkers in all subject groups, highlighting its efficacy in monitoring brain changes throughout disease progression. ERT identified key brain regions associated with cognitive scores, such as the right transverse temporal region for A\u03b2, left and right entorhinal cortex, left inferior temporal gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus for ATH, and the left uncinate fasciculus for MD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study underscores the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in understanding AD mechanisms, offering potential contributions to early biomarker development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1356656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T11:06:41Z","timestamp":1715771201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Seeing beyond the symptoms: biomarkers and brain regions linked to cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Seyed Hani","family":"Hojjati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Babajani-Feremi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb05874.x","article-title":"Neuropsychological features of early Alzheimer's disease: preclinical and clinical stages","volume":"94","author":"Almkvist","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000213857.89613.10","article-title":"3D mapping of mini-mental state examination performance in clinical and preclinical Alzheimer disease","volume":"20","author":"Apostolova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2016.09.002","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and decline in cognitively normal older adults with high amyloid-\u03b2: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Baker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dementia"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0848","article-title":"In vivo mapping of gray matter loss with voxel-based morphometry in mild Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Baron","year":"2001","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.012","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid progranulin is associated with increased cortical thickness in early stages of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"88","author":"Batzu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(82)90086-4","article-title":"Language function in senile dementia","volume":"16","author":"Bayles","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.284376","article-title":"Radial diffusivity is the best global biomarker able to discriminate healthy elders, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease: A diagnostic study of DTI-derived data","volume":"68","author":"Becerra-Laparra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. India"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22333","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 associated cortical thinning in clinically normal elderly","volume":"69","author":"Becker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.05.426","article-title":"O3-01-06: amyloid deposition and brain volume across the continuum of aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"5","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.180016","article-title":"An artificial neural network model for clinical score prediction in Alzheimer disease using structural neuroimaging measures","volume":"44","author":"Bhagwat","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.12.2203","article-title":"Episodic memory changes are associated with the APOE-epsilon 4 allele in nondemented older adults","volume":"45","author":"Bondi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0687-6","article-title":"Synergy between amyloid-\u03b2 and tau in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Busche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.12.1847","article-title":"Cognitive tests that best discriminate between presymptomatic AD and those who remain nondemented","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.02.017","article-title":"Initiative, predicting cognitive decline with deep learning of brain metabolism and amyloid imaging","volume":"344","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22509","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 associated volume loss occurs only in the presence of phospho-tau","volume":"70","author":"Desikan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.21275\/ART20203995","article-title":"Machine learning algorithms: a review","volume":"7","author":"Dey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inform. Technol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2015.01.003","article-title":"Amyloid burden, cortical thickness, and cognitive function in the Wisconsin registry for Alzheimer's prevention","volume":"1","author":"Doherty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dementia"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.1062","article-title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the relationship between A\u03b2 deposition, cortical thickness, and memory in cognitively unimpaired individuals and in Alzheimer disease","volume":"70","author":"Dor\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-019-09419-w","article-title":"3D-deep learning based automatic diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease with joint MMSE prediction using resting-state fMRI","volume":"18","author":"Duc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"852","article-title":"Joint estimation of multiple clinical variables of neurological diseases from imaging patterns","volume-title":"In 2010 IEEE international symposium on biomedical imaging: From Nano to macro","author":"Fan","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.02.017","article-title":"Cognitively preserved subjects with transitional cerebrospinal fluid ss-amyloid 1-42 values have thicker cortex in Alzheimer's disease vulnerable areas","volume":"70","author":"Fortea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.215","article-title":"The clinical use of structural MRI in Alzheimer disease","volume":"6","author":"Frisoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.6.657","article-title":"Detection of grey matter loss in mild Alzheimer's disease with voxel based morphometry","volume":"73","author":"Frisoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191169","article-title":"Using machine learning to predict dementia from neuropsychiatric symptom and neuroimaging data","volume":"75","author":"Gill","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.012","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease markers, hypertension, and gray matter damage in normal elderly","volume":"33","author":"Glodzik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.96","article-title":"Utility of combinations of biomarkers, cognitive markers, and risk factors to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease in patients in the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative","volume":"68","author":"Gomar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1566067","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid cascade hypothesis","volume":"256","author":"Hardy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12249","article-title":"Distinct effects of beta-amyloid and tau on cortical thickness in cognitively healthy older adults","volume":"17","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828ab35d","article-title":"Meta-analysis of amyloid-cognition relations in cognitively normal older adults","volume":"80","author":"Hedden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu238","article-title":"Multiple brain markers are linked to age-related variation in cognition","volume":"26","author":"Hedden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769982","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2021.769982","article-title":"Prediction and modeling of neuropsychological scores in Alzheimer\u2019s disease using multimodal neuroimaging data and artificial neural networks","volume":"15","author":"Hojjati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00904","article-title":"Identification of the early stage of Alzheimer\u2019s disease using structural MRI and resting-state fMRI","volume":"10","author":"Hojjati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.09.004","article-title":"Predicting conversion from MCI to AD by integrating rs-fMRI and structural MRI","volume":"102","author":"Hojjati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103409","article-title":"Distinct and joint effects of low and high levels of A\u03b2 and tau deposition on cortical thickness","volume":"38","author":"Hojjati","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170490","article-title":"Cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease: amyloid-beta versus tauopathy","volume":"61","author":"Huber","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01233-3","article-title":"Predictors of cognitive impairment in primary age-related tauopathy: an autopsy study","volume":"9","author":"Iida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.03.016","article-title":"Association of plasma \u03b2-amyloid with MRI markers of structural brain aging the 3-City Dijon study","volume":"36","author":"Kaffashian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz025","article-title":"Entorhinal cortex tau, amyloid-\u03b2, cortical thickness and memory performance in non-demented subjects","volume":"142","author":"Knopman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12779","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12779","article-title":"Combinatorial model of amyloid \u03b2 and tau reveals synergy between amyloid deposits and tangle formation","volume":"48","author":"Koller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1632-3","article-title":"Soluble pre-fibrillar tau and \u03b2-amyloid species emerge in early human Alzheimer\u2019s disease and track disease progression and cognitive decline","volume":"132","author":"Koss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041322","article-title":"Combining neuropsychological assessment with neuroimaging to distinguish early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease from frontotemporal lobar degeneration in non-Western tonal native language-speaking individuals living in Taiwan: A case series","volume":"12","author":"Kuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.12.072","article-title":"Categorical and correlational analyses of baseline fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography images from the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI)","volume":"45","author":"Langbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2017.13.2.144","article-title":"Morphological and microstructural changes of the hippocampus in early MCI: a study utilizing the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative database","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2018.09.010","article-title":"Cognition-related white matter integrity dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease with diffusion tensor image","volume":"143","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.023","article-title":"Increased levels of plasma amyloid-beta are related to cortical thinning and cognitive decline in cognitively normal elderly subjects","volume":"36","author":"Llado-Saz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00378","article-title":"White matter microstructural damage as an early sign of subjective cognitive decline","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"TADPOLE challenge: prediction of longitudinal evolution in Alzheimer's disease","volume-title":"arXiv","author":"Marinescu","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.12.011","article-title":"Rey's auditory verbal learning test scores can be predicted from whole brain MRI in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Moradi","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520030031008","article-title":"Differential patterns of memory loss among patients with Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Moss","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity","volume":"256","author":"Petersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.303","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome","volume":"56","author":"Petersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww334","article-title":"Relationships between flortaucipir PET tau binding and amyloid burden, clinical diagnosis, age and cognition","volume":"140","author":"Pontecorvo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04446-w","article-title":"Subcortical amyloid relates to cortical morphology in cognitively normal individuals","volume":"46","author":"Rahayel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Molec. Imaging"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.03.057","article-title":"A review on neuroimaging-based classification studies and associated feature extraction methods for Alzheimer's disease and its prodromal stages","volume":"155","author":"Rathore","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/369808","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease and the amyloid cascade hypothesis: a critical review","volume":"2012","author":"Reitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-25465-X_45","article-title":"Ensemble methods for classifiers","volume-title":"Data mining and knowledge discovery handbook","author":"Rokach","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.074336","article-title":"Diffusion indices on magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"77","author":"Rose","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161146","article-title":"Inflammation, amyloid, and atrophy in the aging brain: relationships with longitudinal changes in cognition","volume":"58","author":"Sala-Llonch","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1996.tb02377.x","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E4allele in the normal elderly: neuropsychologic and brain MRI correlates","volume":"50","author":"Schmidt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Genet."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.06.014","article-title":"Amyloid deposition detected with florbetapir F 18 (18F-AV-45) is related to lower episodic memory performance in clinically normal older individuals","volume":"34","author":"Sperling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228fs13","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3007941","article-title":"The A4 study: stopping AD before symptoms begin?","volume":"6","author":"Sperling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2008.4761257","article-title":"Feature selection via decision tree surrogate splits","author":"Springer","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142451","article-title":"Cognition, brain atrophy, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers changes from preclinical to dementia stage of Alzheimer's disease and the influence of apolipoprotein","volume":"45","author":"Susanto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116317","article-title":"A distributed multitask multimodal approach for the prediction of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in a longitudinal study","volume":"206","author":"Tabarestani","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-018-0428-1","article-title":"MRI predictors of amyloid pathology: results from the EMIF-AD multimodal biomarker discovery study","volume":"10","author":"Ten Kate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Res."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.10.009","article-title":"Multi-modal classification of Alzheimer's disease using nonlinear graph fusion","volume":"63","author":"Tong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-121408","article-title":"Entorhinal cortex thickness predicts cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"33","author":"Velayudhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70044-9","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2 deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Villemagne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a006171","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006171","article-title":"The neuropsychological profile of Alzheimer disease","volume":"2","author":"Weintraub","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530150046016","article-title":"Detection of abnormal memory decline in mild cases of Alzheimer's disease using CERAD neuropsychological measures","volume":"48","author":"Welsh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2019.06.003","article-title":"White matter alterations in early-stage Alzheimer's disease: A tract-specific study","volume":"11","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dementia"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.01.006","article-title":"Does amyloid deposition produce a specific atrophic signature in cognitively normal subjects?","volume":"2","author":"Whitwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.4013","article-title":"Associations between Alzheimer disease biomarkers, neurodegeneration, and cognition in cognitively normal older people","volume":"70","author":"Wirth","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3291-3","article-title":"Beta-amyloid deposition and cognitive function in patients with major depressive disorder with different subtypes of mild cognitive impairment: 18 F-florbetapir (AV-45\/Amyvid) PET study","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.069","article-title":"Initiative, multi-modal multi-task learning for joint prediction of multiple regression and classification variables in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.03.073","article-title":"Modeling disease progression via multi-task learning","volume":"78","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/2339530.2339702","article-title":"Modeling disease progression via fused sparse group lasso","author":"Zhou","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1356656\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T11:06:45Z","timestamp":1715771205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1356656\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1356656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1356656","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.04.19.23288823","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1663-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"article-number":"1356656"}}