{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:21:14Z","timestamp":1787163674118,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"INSERM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C12-59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C12-59"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010457","name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIC EC7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIC EC7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010457","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anticipating the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) at an early asymptomatic at-risk stage, where therapeutics can more effectively delay conscious cognitive decline, is currently among the biggest challenges in the field. Herein, we aimed to compare the capacity of the Memory Binding Test (MBT) with the official diagnostic tool, the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), to anticipate AD diagnosis at an early preclinical stage based on the associative memory component of MBT (binding), suggested as more sensitive to the emergence of subtle episodic memory (EM) deficits (AD hallmark).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the tests performance longitudinally (over 5\u2009years) in 263 cognitively-normal elderly individuals at risk of AD (&amp;gt;6\u2009months of subjective memory complaints) using linear mixed-effect models controlled for age, sex, and education. We stratified participants in 2 models: amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2)\/neurodegeneration (N) model, assessing A\u03b2 burden and neurodegeneration effect [3 groups: controls (A\u03b2-\/N-); stable\/N- (A\u03b2+); stable\/N+ (A\u03b2+)]; and the stable\/progressors model, assessing progression to prodromal-AD effect [2 groups: stable (A\u03b2+); progressors (A\u03b2+)], based on 15 subjects who progressed to AD during follow-up (excluded once diagnosed).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A\u03b2 burden was associated with significantly less MBT-intrusions, while A\u03b2 burden and neurodegeneration together, with the most. Progression status had a strong negative effect on both tests performance. When compared with the FCSRT, the MBT seems to anticipate diagnosis based on a worst performance in a higher number of scores (including binding) in at least a year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anticipation of diagnosis to an asymptomatic at-risk stage, while participants remain cognitively-normal according to FCSRT cut-offs and unaware of objective EM deficits, has the potential to delay the onset of AD-linked cognitive decline by applying promising therapeutics before decline becomes too advanced.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1414419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T10:17:35Z","timestamp":1723112255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The memory binding test can anticipate Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis at an early preclinical stage: a longitudinal study in the INSIGHTpreAD cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Filipa","family":"Raposo Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Dalla Barba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"La Corte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.016","article-title":"Association between educational attainment and amyloid deposition across the spectrum from normal cognition to dementia: neuroimaging evidence for protection and compensation","volume":"59","author":"Arenaza-Urquijo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. 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