{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T01:03:46Z","timestamp":1776128626894,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder, and remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Studies have uncovered the potential role of the Apolipoprotein (APOE) gene in PD, although results have been conflicting. This study aimed to characterize the APOE \u03b54 status of Indonesian PD subjects and perform a meta-analysis to elucidate it's role in PD onset age, disease severity, and cognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>APOE \u03b54 genotyping was performed on PD patients and their respective healthy families. Clinical parameters were obtained from PD patients. Secondly, we conducted a meta-analysis on the role of APOE \u03b54, with studies collected until January 2025. Retrieved parameters include the number of PD APOE \u03b54 allele carriers and non-carriers, age of onset, disease severity, and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four of the 7 recruited subjects were APOE \u03b54 carriers, with 2 out of 3 PD subjects of APOE \u03b54 carrier status. In the meta-analysis, 14 included studies revealed a significantly younger age of onset in APOE \u03b54 carriers (SMD = \u22120.16, 95%CI \u22120.24 to \u22120.08, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001) relative to non-carriers. Six included studies revealed no significant difference in the Hoehn and Yahr disease severity, and 4 included studies showed no significant difference in MMSE scores of carriers vs. non-carriers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The APOE \u03b54 allele is common in this preliminary study of 3 PD subjects. Our meta-analysis revealed a significantly earlier age-of-onset among APOE \u03b54 carriers relative to non-carriers, but no difference in disease severity and MMSE scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1632480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T06:08:55Z","timestamp":1760681335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Elucidating the role of APOE \u03b54 gene variants in the clinical manifestation of Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Gita Vita","family":"Soraya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusran Ady","family":"Fitrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andi Kurnia","family":"Bintang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfi Raudatil","family":"Jannah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zulvikar Syambani","family":"Ulhaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jumraini","family":"Tammasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cahyono","family":"Kaelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Nasrum","family":"Massi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Obinata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norikazu","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Ikeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.27","article-title":"Cognitive decline in Parkinson disease","volume":"13","author":"Aarsland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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