{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:09:49Z","timestamp":1793106589601,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases with early non-motor symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, which often precede motor symptoms but are frequently overlooked. Although HD can be diagnosed genetically, PD lacks reliable biomarkers for its early detection. Melatonin, a circadian regulator, may be a promising early biomarker to address this issue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A database search was performed to identify relevant studies. Meta-analyses were conducted using the ratio of means (RoM) as an effect size and I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      as a heterogeneity test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Melatonin rhythmicity was significantly disrupted in both PD and HD groups. PD patients showed reduced amplitude [RoM\u202f=\u202f0.76, 95% CI (0.26 to 1.26);\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f0.00] and increased 24-h area under the curve (AUC) [RoM\u202f=\u202f1.06, 95% CI (0.26 to 1.85);\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f0.01]. In manifest HD, both amplitude [RoM\u202f=\u202f0.92, 95% CI (0.81 to 1.02);\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f0.00] and acrophase [RoM\u202f=\u202f0.92, 95% CI (0.07 to 1.78);\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f0.03] significantly decreased. PD patients with sleep disorders had significantly higher melatonin concentrations than the non-sleep disorder group, with a significant test group difference of\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f0.00. HD patients showed a stage-wise decline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that melatonin could serve as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of PD and to track the progression of HD, thus complementing existing diagnostic tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CRD42024544116,\n                      <jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD42024544116<\/jats:uri>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1637881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T05:27:45Z","timestamp":1759987665000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dysregulation of melatonin rhythm in Parkinson\u2019s and Huntington\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Reema Priyanka","family":"Suram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rida","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Madhuvilakku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Ho","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonggeun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183056.89590.0d","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness and subsequent development of Parkinson disease","volume":"65","author":"Abbott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"539","article-title":"Circadian rhythms of melatonin and cortisol in manifest Huntington\u2019s disease and in acute cortical ischemic stroke","volume":"68","author":"Adamczak-Ratajczak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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