{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T06:30:12Z","timestamp":1764657012141,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Agricultural or gardening activity (also known as hobby farming) is a simple strategy that may be effective for maintaining health and preventing lifestyle-related diseases. However, its preventive effect on the development of conditions associated with neurovascular aging (e.g., stroke and dementia) remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To comprehensively investigate the preventive role of regular agricultural or gardening physical activity (AGPA) in neurovascular aging and its underlying mechanisms using two approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an experimental study in which we assessed arterial stiffness, cognitive performance (Flanker and Stroop tests), and circulating biomarkers (e.g., plasmin-\u03b12-plasmin inhibitor complexes, nitric oxide, brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in 12 male students (average age: 22\u202f\u00b1\u202f1\u202fyears) before and after three 40-min interventions (resting, cycling, and simulated AGPA) under controlled conditions. We also conducted a cross-sectional study, in which we recruited 161 (79 in the AGPA group and 82 in the control group) hospital-based older individuals (average age: 78\u202f\u00b1\u202f5\u202fyears) and assessed their history of stroke, cognitive function, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the experimental study, simulated AGPA reduced arterial stiffness, improved executive cognitive function, and elevated circulating plasmin-\u03b12-plasmin inhibitor complexes, nitric oxide, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Brain MRI-assessed cerebral white matter hyperintensities caused by reduced blood flow to brain tissue and stroke prevalence were lower, and cognitive scores (as assessed by the Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised) were higher in the AGPA group than in the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that regular AGPA is associated with markers of slower neurovascular aging in older individuals. AGPA induces a combination of general physical activity-related and specific AGPA-related effects; moreover, it may offer similar or even greater benefits than physical activity alone. Therefore, habitual AGPA may serve as an effective preventive strategy for neurovascular aging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1676259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T06:26:33Z","timestamp":1764656793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Agricultural or gardening physical activity may slow neurovascular aging and prevent stroke and dementia: an experimental and cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiya","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shotaro","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harutoshi","family":"Sakakima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyuma","family":"Makizako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Tahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisaaki","family":"Uchikado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Shiomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Ooba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Nishiwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2012.687614","article-title":"Mortality in the California farmer health study cohort","volume":"17","author":"Armitage","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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