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Autophagy in neutrophils is highly conserved and plays a crucial regulatory role in both the biological functions and pathophysiological processes of neutrophils. In this review, we comprehensively explore the mechanisms of autophagy and its regulatory roles in various aspects of neutrophil biology, including the neutrophil life cycle, extracellular net traps (NETs) formation, degranulation, migration and adhesion, and phagocytosis. We also analyze the role of neutrophil autophagy in different central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, stroke, and neuroglioma. Regulating autophagy to control neutrophil inflammatory functions may emerge as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating central nervous system disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1702993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:48:10Z","timestamp":1768319290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autophagy-mediated regulation of neutrophil inflammatory responses and its relevance to central nervous system diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuliu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqing","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0571-2","article-title":"Programmed \u2018disarming\u2019 of the neutrophil proteome reduces the magnitude of inflammation.","volume":"21","author":"Adrover","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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