{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:50:56Z","timestamp":1790981456876,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) have a high risk of sarcopenia. Herein, we evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenia and factors associated with it in ambulatory patients with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ambulatory patients with PD up to Hoehn and Yahr stage III were included and evaluated based on age, sex, disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, cognitive impairment, swallowing disturbance, history of falling, the Japanese version of the movement disorder society-sponsored revision of the unified PD rating scale (MDS-UPDRS) parts I\u2013IV, quality of life (QoL), and blood test (total protein, albumin, and anemia). Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Japanese version of Mini-Mental State Examination and the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, whereas swallowing disturbance was assessed using the Japanese version of the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire. QoL was assessed using the Parkinson\u2019s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8). Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on handgrip strength, five-time chair stand test, and skeletal muscle mass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 97 patients with PD (55 males), with a mean age of 69.8 years and a mean disease duration of 7.3 years, were included. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 33.0%. There were significant differences between the sarcopenia and the non-sarcopenia groups in age, sex, swallowing disturbance, MDS-UPDRS part III total score, and the sub-items arising from a chair, postural stability, and global spontaneity of movement (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). There was no association between the presence of sarcopenia and the PDQ-8 total and sub-item scores. The factors that contributed most to sarcopenia were being female, cognitive impairment, and swallowing disturbance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In clinical management, it is important to assess muscle strength and evaluate sarcopenia, particularly in patients with PD who have being female, cognitive impairment, or swallowing disturbance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1718723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T06:29:52Z","timestamp":1765175392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical analysis of sarcopenia prevalence and its influencing factors in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Remi","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Todo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutsumi","family":"Iijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000340981.37492.96","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in incident, untreated Parkinson disease: The Norwegian ParkWest study.","volume":"72","author":"Aarsland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2550-z","article-title":"Exercise habits during middle age are associated with lower prevalence of Sarcopenia: The ROAD study.","volume":"25","author":"Akune","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00217","article-title":"Sarcopenia and androgens: A link between pathology and treatment.","volume":"5","author":"Basualto-Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1188-8","article-title":"Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"23","author":"Cabett Cipolli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598035","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.598035","article-title":"Sarcopenia in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-191683","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease in women and men: what\u2019s the difference?","volume":"9","author":"Cerri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-017-0742-5","article-title":"Evaluation of PDQ-8 and its relationship with PDQ-39 in China: A three-year longitudinal study.","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.11.025","article-title":"Sarcopenia in Asia: Consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","article-title":"Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People.","volume":"39","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10438","article-title":"Health status measurement in Parkinson\u2019s disease: validity of the PDQ-39 and Nottingham health profile.","volume":"18","author":"Hagell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29410","article-title":"Levodopa dose equivalency in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Updated systematic review and proposals.","volume":"38","author":"Jost","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12058","article-title":"Official Japanese version of the movement disorder society-unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale: Validation against the original English version.","volume":"1","author":"Kashihara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000051","article-title":"Sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of levodopa in elderly patients with Parkinson disease.","volume":"37","author":"Kumagai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"327","article-title":"Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment and depression in elderly Korean women.","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0227238","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227238","article-title":"Clinical correlates of Sarcopenia and falls in Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"15","author":"Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30127-3","article-title":"Risk factors for non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"17","author":"Marinus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23834","article-title":"Health-related quality-of-life scales in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Critique and recommendations.","volume":"26","author":"Martinez-Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12399","article-title":"Relationship between chewing ability and Sarcopenia in Japanese community-dwelling older adults.","volume":"15","author":"Murakami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000492572","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of Sarcopenia and frailty in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"65","author":"Peball","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.012138","article-title":"Mediterranean diet, cognitive function, and dementia: A systematic review of the evidence.","volume":"7","author":"Petersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00007730","article-title":"PDQ-39: A review of the development, validation and application of a Parkinson\u2019s disease quality of life questionnaire and its associated measures.","volume":"245","author":"Peto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2022.11.006","article-title":"Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"49","author":"Ponsoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geriatr. Nurs."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.5.1231","article-title":"Summary comments.","volume":"50","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-017-0302-x","article-title":"Prevalence of Sarcopenia in the world: A systematic review and meta- analysis of general population studies.","volume":"16","author":"Shafiee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diab. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.393","article-title":"Association of Sarcopenia with swallowing problems, related to nutrition and activities of daily living of elderly individuals.","volume":"27","author":"Shiozu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.03.027","article-title":"Relationship between the MDS-UPDRS and quality of life: A large multicenter study of 3206 patients.","volume":"52","author":"Skorvanek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.06.020","article-title":"Altered body composition, sarcopenia, frailty, and their clinico-biological correlates in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"56","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2012.06.015","article-title":"Association between Sarcopenia and higher-level functional capacity in daily living in community-dwelling elderly subjects in Japan.","volume":"55","author":"Tanimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429","article-title":"Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"25","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.12.005","article-title":"Sarcopenia in Parkinson disease: Comparison of different criteria and association with disease severity.","volume":"19","author":"Vetrano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0162-x","article-title":"Rehabilitation nutrition for Sarcopenia with disability: A combination of both rehabilitation and nutrition care management.","volume":"5","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010239","article-title":"Associations between brain structural damage and core muscle loss in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-0041-2","article-title":"Validation of the Japanese translation of the swallowing disturbance questionnaire in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients.","volume":"21","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3439-6","article-title":"Incidence of Sarcopenia and dynapenia according to stage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"39","author":"Yazar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12210","article-title":"Using two different algorithms to determine the prevalence of Sarcopenia.","volume":"14","author":"Yoshida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3823-0","article-title":"Is osteoporosis a predictor for future Sarcopenia or vice versa? Four-year observations between the second and third ROAD study surveys.","volume":"28","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1718723\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T06:29:53Z","timestamp":1765175393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1718723\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1718723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1718723","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"article-number":"1718723"}}