{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T21:32:50Z","timestamp":1785274370256,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Parkinson\u2019s disease, decreased neuromelanin and increased Fe concentrations derive from the loss of neuromelanin-containing neurons in the substantia nigra, which is spared in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. We aimed to measure neuromelanin and Fe concentrations in post mortem midbrain subregions of patients with Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and to investigate their effect on MRI signals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We imaged neuromelanin in brain slices of Parkinson\u2019s (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f4) and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f7) subjects using neuromelanin-sensitive MRI sequences, compared the results with neuromelanin and Fe concentrations in the same sections, and calculated imaging maps for each subject.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both neuromelanin and Fe concentrations provided unique contributions to neuromelanin-MRI. Compared to Alzheimer\u2019s disease, subjects with Parkinson\u2019s disease exhibited increased neuromelanin-MRI values in the superior colliculus and periaqueductal gray matter, and higher Fe concentration in the substantia nigra.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results support the use of neuromelanin-MRI to study neuromelanin and Fe in substantia nigra and neighboring regions for investigating patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and other movement disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1672578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T06:44:31Z","timestamp":1770187471000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neuromelanin, iron and MRI measurements in midbrain tissues of Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s subjects"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fabio A.","family":"Zucca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy","place":["Segrate, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford M.","family":"Cassidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, University of Ottawa","place":["Ottawa, ON, Canada"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University","place":["Stony Brook, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Sturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia","place":["Pavia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauri","family":"Tuominen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, University of Ottawa","place":["Ottawa, ON, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Adorni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy","place":["Segrate, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, University of Ottawa","place":["Ottawa, ON, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia","place":["Pavia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sulzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center","place":["New York, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Pezzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson Institute of Milan, ASST G. Pini-CTO","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Pezzoli Foundation for Parkinson\u2019s Disease","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis U.","family":"Isaias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson Institute of Milan, ASST G. Pini-CTO","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Julius Maximilian University","place":["W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Horga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University","place":["New York, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Division of Translational Imaging, New York State Psychiatric Institute","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Zecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy","place":["Segrate, Italy"]},{"name":"Pezzoli Foundation for Parkinson\u2019s Disease","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa216","article-title":"Spatiotemporal changes in substantia nigra neuromelanin content in Parkinson's disease","volume":"143","author":"Biondetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/s0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol. 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