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Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s trials and memory-clinic workflows require frequent structural MRI, but standard 3D-T1 MPRAGE can be burdensome and motion-prone. The Wave-CAIPI sequence offers major time savings, yet it is unclear whether these ultra-fast scans can be used to derive dementia-related biomarkers from models that have been trained on standard scans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We acquired paired scans from the standard and Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE protocols in 147 patients from a cognitive disorders clinic and generated measures of the brain\u2019s biological age. We applied six public brain-age pipelines (brainageR, DeepBrainNet, PyBrainAge, ENIGMA, pyment, MCCQR-MLP) to assess variability across software packages. We evaluated accuracy, interchangeability, cross-protocol agreement and clinical discrimination (subjective memory complaints versus neurodegenerative disorders), and tested effects of acquisition, diagnosis, and its interaction in a mixed-effects model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-protocol agreement was excellent across brain-age pipelines (intraclass correlation coefficient: ICC \u2273 0.90). Clinical discrimination was comparable between protocols, with effect sizes varying modestly by model-protocol combinations. Small, model-specific offsets and significant acquisition-by-diagnosis interactions were seen for some pipelines, consistent with a calibratable protocol effect; test\u2013retest reliability was high and quality control measures were similar across protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ultra-fast Wave-CAIPI protocol could generate robust brain-age estimates in memory clinic patients, while markedly reducing scan time. When mixing ultra-fast and standard scans, a harmonization or transfer learning step is advisable to remove model-dependent offsets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1731909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T06:56:56Z","timestamp":1773817016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultra-fast MRI for brain-age prediction in a real-world cognitive disorders clinic"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Navarro-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, Universidad de Valladolid","place":["Valladolid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"de Luis-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, Universidad de Valladolid","place":["Valladolid, Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Valladolid, IBioVALL","place":["Valladolid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Aja-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, Universidad de Valladolid","place":["Valladolid, Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Valladolid, IBioVALL","place":["Valladolid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Clinical Translation, Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthineers AG","place":["Erlangen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Hawkes Institute, UCL","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Barkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Hawkes Institute, UCL","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit","place":["Amsterdam, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Millie","family":"Beament","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haroon R.","family":"Chughtai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Hawkes Institute, UCL","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Centre for Advanced Research Computing, UCL","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick C.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Mummery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Rosa-Grilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Translational Neuroscience and Stroke, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoff J. 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