{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T12:56:03Z","timestamp":1781873763352,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013774","name":"Universitat Oberta de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With rising global life expectancy, early identification of dementia risk is crucial for implementing timely interventions. This study assesses the value of neuropsychological measures in stratifying the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progression over a 3 years period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, longitudinal study included 349 MCI patients from the SPIN cohort who underwent an extended neuropsychological battery at baseline (2009\u20132021), enabling the calculation of composite cognitive domain scores; and follow-up clinical visits. A Ridge logistic regression following a data-driven selection of \u03b1 within an Elastic Net tuning grid was utilized to identify key factors associated with dementia conversion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over 3 years, 37.8% of patients with MCI converted to dementia, 58.7% remained stable, and 3.4% reverted. At baseline, converters were significantly older, exhibited lower functional status, and demonstrated poorer performance across all cognitive domains compared to the stable and reverter groups. A regularized (Ridge) logistic regression, selected as the optimal model within an Elastic Net tuning grid; was used to identify the most robust predictors, yielding an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.816 [95% CI: 0.769\u20130.862]. Predictor stability was assessed via 500 bootstrap iterations, which identified older age, male sex, higher education level, and lower baseline scores in MMSE, episodic memory, and executive functions as the most robust contributors to conversion. At the optimal probability threshold of 0.436 (Youden\u2019s Index,\n                      <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.536), the model demonstrated robust discriminative power, specifically achieving a good specificity of 83.9% and a moderate sensitivity of 69.7% in forecasting progression to dementia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings underscore that baseline performance in episodic memory, and executive functions can effectively assist in screening for MCI progression. While the model shows good discriminatory potential, its clinical utility lies in risk stratification and identifying high-priority patients for monitoring, rather than serving as a definitive individual prognosis. Further research integrating longitudinal biomarkers is needed to refine these predictive frameworks and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1740033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:36:10Z","timestamp":1781760970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The predictive power of neuropsychological measures in MCI: early detection of dementia conversion"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Concepcion","family":"Padilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Estudis de Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Zsadanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Arag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra O.","family":"Morcillo-Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rubio-Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuole","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Enrique","family":"Arriola-Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Torrec\u00e1rdenas University Hospital","place":["Almer\u00eda, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Arranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00cd\u00f1igo","family":"Rodriguez-Baz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Maure-Blesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Garc\u00eda Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Barroeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Carmona-Iragui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Franquesa-Mullerat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palak","family":"Mahant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estudis de Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Videla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Del Hoyo Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bessy","family":"Benejam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Alcolea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Lle\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Fortea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Santos-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Ill\u00e1n-Gala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Bel\u00e9n","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Saudin\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Bejanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant Pau Memory Unit, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2019.09.005","article-title":"The Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration (SPIN) cohort: A data set for biomarker discovery and validation in neurodegenerative disorders.","volume":"5","author":"Alcolea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx243","article-title":"Tau pathology and neurodegeneration contribute to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"140","author":"Bejanin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab092","article-title":"To what degree is late life cognitive decline driven by age-related neuropathologies?","volume":"144","author":"Boyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach.","author":"Burnham","year":"2002"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840386","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.840386","article-title":"Prediction models for conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14070878","article-title":"Modifiable predictors of dementia in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"172","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.44.12.2308","article-title":"The neuropsychiatric inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia","volume":"44","author":"Cummings","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.3770","article-title":"Alzheimer disease as a clinical-biological construct-an international working group recommendation.","volume":"81","author":"Dubois","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.10.019","article-title":"Prediction of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia based upon biomarkers and neuropsychological test performance.","volume":"33","author":"Ewers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130881","article-title":"Neuropsychological predictors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"38","author":"Gainotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318295d776","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: Incidence and vascular risk factors in a population-based cohort.","volume":"80","author":"Ganguli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15642","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment that does not progress to dementia: A population-based study.","volume":"67","author":"Ganguli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.101","article-title":"Outcomes of mild cognitive impairment by definition: A population study.","volume":"68","author":"Ganguli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12067","article-title":"Neuropsychological predictors of conversion to probable Alzheimer disease in elderly with mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"10","author":"Garc\u00eda-Herranz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3507-y","article-title":"Free and cued selective reminding test predicts progression to Alzheimer\u2019s disease in people with mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"39","author":"Grande","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771800022X","article-title":"Neuropsychological profiles and trajectories in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"24","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748212","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/748212","article-title":"Working memory and executive function decline across normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"2015","author":"Kirova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980812000220","article-title":"A systematic review of screening tools for predicting the development of dementia.","volume":"31","author":"Lischka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Aging"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12267","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12267","article-title":"Risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"8","author":"McGrattan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.45.1.17","article-title":"Procedures for setting normal values.","volume":"45","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-4356(96)00236-3","article-title":"A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis.","volume":"49","author":"Peduzzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000313","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"22","author":"Petersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12190","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: A concept in evolution.","volume":"275","author":"Petersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004826","article-title":"Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment [RETIRED]: Report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.","volume":"90","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.266","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: Ten years later.","volume":"66","author":"Petersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65712","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065712","article-title":"Intra-individual reaction time variability in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Gender, processing load and speed factors.","volume":"8","author":"Phillips","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.9.1136","article-title":"The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia.","volume":"139","author":"Reisberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2013.07.003","article-title":"Classification and epidemiology of MCI.","volume":"29","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1159\/000173710","article-title":"Homocysteine and cognitive impairment. Relation with diagnosis and neuropsychological performance.","volume":"26","author":"Sala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806142","article-title":"Age, neuropathology, and dementia.","volume":"360","author":"Savva","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21706","article-title":"The neuropathology of probable Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"66","author":"Schneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.8.916","article-title":"Neuropsychological prediction of conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"63","author":"Tabert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610297004845","article-title":"The interview for deterioration in daily living activities in dementia: Agreement between primary and secondary caregivers.","volume":"9","author":"Teunisse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000224748.48011.84","article-title":"Conversion to dementia from mild cognitive disorder: The Cache County Study.","volume":"67","author":"Tschanz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018274","article-title":"Effects of healthy aging and early stage dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s type on components of response time distributions in three attention tasks.","volume":"24","author":"Tse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01380.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment\u2013beyond controversies, towards a consensus: Report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment.","volume":"256","author":"Winblad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1300\/J018v05n01_09","article-title":"9\/Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version.","volume":"5","author":"Yesavage","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin. Gerontol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1740033\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T12:28:06Z","timestamp":1781872086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1740033\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1740033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1740033","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"article-number":"1740033"}}