{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T07:20:48Z","timestamp":1772090448999,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attentional and visuospatial deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) are linked to disrupted attention networks (AN), yet specific neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between these dysfunctions and aberrant AN circuits in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-two PD patients stratified by cognitive status [cognitively normal (PDCN), mild cognitive impairment (PDMCI), and dementia (PDD)] and 53 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent resting state functional MRI. We performed amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses. Relationships with cognitive functions were evaluated via partial correlation and mediation models. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier incorporating AN features was established for diagnostic validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to HCs, PD patients showed increased ALFF in the right caudate nucleus (CAU) and left insular cortex (Ins), but reduced ALFF in the left middle occipital gyrus (MOG). FC analysis revealed decreased coupling in the right CAU-left cerebellum VI (CVI), left Ins-left middle cingulate gyrus (MCG), and left Ins-right superior temporal gyrus (STG), alongside enhanced left MOG-left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) connectivity. These alterations correlated significantly with cognitive performance. Mediation analysis identified left Ins ALFF and left Ins-left MCG FC as independent mediators of impairments. The SVM classifier achieved 92.2% accuracy (AUC = 0.944). Subgroup comparisons revealed increased ALFF in the left triangular inferior frontal gyrus (IFGtri) and angular gyrus (AG) in PDMCI vs. PDCN. PDD patients displayed decreased left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) ALFF compared to PDCN. Notably, left SMG-related alterations distinguished PDMCI from PDD and correlated with attention deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PD-related attention and visuospatial dysfunctions are closely linked to AN abnormalities. The Ins serves as a key regulatory node, while the SMG emerges as a potential neuroimaging marker for tracking cognitive decline from PDMCI to PDD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1754795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T06:54:14Z","timestamp":1772088854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered attention and visuospatial abnormalities in Parkinson's disease: links to attention networks and basal ganglia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoping","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiehua","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3003018","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003018","article-title":"Neural mechanisms for the attention-mediated propagation of conceptual information in the human brain","volume":"23","author":"Acunzo","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04281-0","article-title":"The subcortical and neurochemical organization of the ventral and dorsal attention networks","volume":"5","author":"Alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Biol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02227-6","article-title":"The cerebral blood flow deficits in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment using arterial spin labeling MRI","volume":"127","author":"Arslan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2022.06.006","article-title":"Disease severity and prefrontal cortex activation during obstacle negotiation among patients with Parkinson's disease: is it all as expected?","volume":"101","author":"Assad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30166","article-title":"Neuropsychological tests of memory, visuospatial, and language function in Parkinson's disease: review, critique, and recommendations","volume":"40","author":"Bezdicek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-019-0568-y","article-title":"Pay attention to the basal ganglia: a volumetric study in early dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"11","author":"Botzung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00013","article-title":"DPARSF: a MATLAB toolbox for \u201cpipeline\u201d data analysis of resting-state fMRI","volume":"4","author":"Chao-Gan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5855-7","article-title":"Reduced lateral occipital gray matter volume is associated with physical frailty and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101258","article-title":"The development of functional connectivity within the dorsal striatum from early childhood to adulthood","volume":"61","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12726-1","article-title":"Neuroanatomical and clinical correlates of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic literature review of neuroimaging findings","volume":"272","author":"Conti","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70047","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70047","article-title":"Cholinergic denervation patterns in Parkinson's disease associated with cognitive impairment across domains","volume":"46","author":"d'Angremont","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3370","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae186","article-title":"Cholinergic deficiency in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations","volume":"147","author":"d'Angremont","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210192","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000210192","article-title":"Association of early fMRI connectivity alterations with different cognitive phenotypes in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease","volume":"104","author":"De Bartolo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.05.003","article-title":"A subcortical network for implicit visuo-spatial attention: implications for Parkinson's disease","volume":"141","author":"Esposito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202390","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the clinical dementia rating scale sum of boxes in Parkinson's disease","volume":"11","author":"Gallagher","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons. Dis"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.05.006","article-title":"Functional correlates of cognitive slowing in Parkinson's disease","volume":"76","author":"Grolez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106821","article-title":"Aberrant functional connectome gradient and its neurotransmitter basis in Parkinson's disease","volume":"206","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-021-00301-7","article-title":"Clinical implications for dopaminergic and functional neuroimage research in cognitive symptoms of Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"Hirano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c34b47","article-title":"Validity of the MoCA and MMSE in the detection of MCI and dementia in Parkinson disease","volume":"73","author":"Hoops","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-10012-8","article-title":"Diffusion and structural MRI as potential biomarkers in people with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0227021","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227021","article-title":"Percent amplitude of fluctuation: a simple measure for resting-state fMRI signal at single voxel level","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10163-4","article-title":"Beyond PD-MCI: objectively defined subtle cognitive decline predicts future cognitive and functional changes","volume":"268","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.09.005","article-title":"Cerebello-basal ganglia connectivity fingerprints related to motor\/cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease","volume":"80","author":"Kawabata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02366-7","article-title":"Impairment of the visuospatial working memory in the patients with Parkinson's disease: an fMRI study","volume":"21","author":"Kawashima","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12541","article-title":"Criterion and convergent validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment with screening and standardized neuropsychological testing","volume":"61","author":"Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-024-00872-z","article-title":"Parkinson's disease CA2-CA3 hippocampal atrophy is accompanied by increased cholinergic innervation in patients with normal cognition but not in patients with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"18","author":"Legault-Denis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8370-2","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease in China","volume":"264","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676899","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.676899","article-title":"Alterations of regional homogeneity in the mild and moderate stages of Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16380","article-title":"A longitudinal evaluation of personalized intrinsic network topography and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106578","article-title":"Stage-dependent differential impact of network communication on cognitive function across the continuum of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease","volume":"199","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz090","article-title":"Accelerating structural degeneration in temporal regions and their effects on cognition in aging of MCI patients","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-023-00222-x","article-title":"Specific brain imaging alterations underlying autistic traits in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63591","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.63591","article-title":"Functional specialization within the inferior parietal lobes across cognitive domains","volume":"10","author":"Numssen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68514-0","article-title":"Shared functional neural substrates in Parkinson's disease and drug-induced parkinsonism: association with dopaminergic depletion","volume":"10","author":"Oh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02248-1","article-title":"Individual changes in visual performance in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients: a 1-year follow-up study","volume":"127","author":"Ohdake","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13766","article-title":"Characterizing mild cognitive impairment in prodromal Parkinson's disease: a community-based study in China","volume":"28","author":"Pan","year":"","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-021-00471-2","article-title":"Differential functional connectivity of insular subdivisions in de novo Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3662","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad206","article-title":"Corticostriatal beta oscillation changes associated with cognitive function in Parkinson's disease","volume":"146","author":"Paulo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2019.1656515","article-title":"Frontal and subcortical contribution to visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease","volume":"131","author":"Pezzoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.04.016","article-title":"View point: etiology in Parkinson's disease. Dual hit or spreading intoxication","volume":"310","author":"Reichmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-020-2287-9","article-title":"Global functional network connectivity disturbances in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment by resting-state functional MRI","volume":"40","author":"Shuai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Sci"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.03.016","article-title":"Resting-state functional reorganization in Parkinson's disease: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Tahmasian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2022.08.009","article-title":"Working memory biases early object discrimination and parietal activity during attentional selection","volume":"157","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14092","article-title":"Functional and structural alterations of dorsal attention network in preclinical and early-stage Alzheimer's disease","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-016-9299-4","article-title":"DPABI: data processing and analysis for (resting-state) brain imaging","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210105","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000210105","article-title":"Association of striatal dopamine depletion and brain metabolism changes with motor and cognitive deficits in patients with Parkinson disease","volume":"103","author":"Yoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70022","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70022","article-title":"Neural substrates underlying distinct dual cognitive syndromes in Parkinson's disease","volume":"32","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.07.002","article-title":"Altered baseline brain activity in children with ADHD revealed by resting-state functional MRI","volume":"29","author":"Zang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-07005-2","article-title":"Convergent and divergent intra- and internetwork connectivity in Parkinson's disease with wearing-off","volume":"45","author":"Zhai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1754795\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T06:54:15Z","timestamp":1772088855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1754795\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1754795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1754795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"article-number":"1754795"}}