{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T06:54:16Z","timestamp":1774853656493,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to assess the relevant risk factors and construct a nomogram model to assist in the early identification of shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) after ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One thousand five hundred and thirty-nine ischemic stroke patients admitted to the First People\u2019s Hospital of Neijiang from September 2021 to August 2025 were selected as the research subjects. After exclusion, 1,211 patients were selected. These patients were divided into the training group (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f848) and the test group (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f363) at a ratio of 7:3. The coefficients of the predictors in the Logistic regression were used to establish a nomogram and to verify its discriminative power, calibration, and clinical practicability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, hypertension, alcohol drinking, muscle strength of the affected upper limb, NIHSS, albumin, and total cholesterol were independent risk factors for shoulder-hand syndrome after ischemic stroke. The nomogram model demonstrated reliable predictive efficacy, with an area under the curve (AUC value) of 0.891 (95% CI, 0.853\u20130.929). Both DCA and CIC confirmed that the nomogram model has strong clinical practical value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study developed a novel predictive model for shoulder-hand syndrome after ischemic stroke, providing a valuable tool for the early identification of high-risk patients in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1755994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T05:27:15Z","timestamp":1774848435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the risk of shoulder-hand syndrome after ischemic stroke: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang","place":["Neijiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Nursing of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","place":["Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, Nishikyushu University","place":["Saitama, Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence (CUIT Shuangliu Industrial College), Chengdu University of Information Technology","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"The Institute of Digital Health and Medical ITA Innovation Industry","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guomin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoyin","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2334398","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2334398","article-title":"A brief review of complex regional pain syndrome and current management","volume":"56","author":"Abd-Elsayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. 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