{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:29:35Z","timestamp":1777462175262,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C1004749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C1004749"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00335770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00335770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index has been proposed as an imaging marker of impaired perivascular water transport across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) continuum. Whether a conductivity-based ALPS derived from conductivity tensor imaging (CTI) provides a distinct physiological perspective remains to be explored. This work introduces the CTI-ALPS index. The purpose of this study was (1) to introduce the CTI-ALPS index and (2) to evaluate both the CTI-ALPS and DTI-ALPS indices in cognitively normal (CN) older adults, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and mild-to-moderate AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective cross-sectional study, 110 participants (CN,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 30; aMCI,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 52; AD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 28) underwent diffusion MRI (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 800 and 2,000 s\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and magnetic resonance electrical property tomography (MREPT)to calculate DTI-ALPS and CTI-ALPS, respectively. Diagnostic performance and correlation with cognitive function were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CTI-ALPS showed lower in AD but did not differ significantly across groups and demonstrated weaker associations with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. In age-adjusted ROC analyses for differentiating AD from CN, CTI-ALPS achieved modest discrimination, whereas DTI-ALPS provided slightly higher diagnostic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CTI-ALPS demonstrated a non-significant trend towards a reduction in AD and modest diagnostic utility, with weaker clinical associations than DTI-ALPS in this cohort. As an initial exploratory study, conductivity-based ALPS may serve as a distinct physical contrast reflecting ionic physiological perivascular marker, alongside diffusion-based measures, and warrants further validation with larger, age-matched datasets and reproducibility-focused designs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1794175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:16:42Z","timestamp":1777382202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of conductivity tensor image along the perivascular space in the brains of patients with cognitive impairments"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jehyeuk","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si","place":["Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Clinical Science, Health Systems, Philips Healthcare","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mun Bae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, College of Basic Science, Konkuk University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oh-In","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, College of Basic Science, Konkuk University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hak Young","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu Jin","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soonchan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Woo","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinseok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si","place":["Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geon-Ho","family":"Jahng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2010.25.7.1071","article-title":"Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-dementia version (SNSB-D): A useful tool for assessing and monitoring cognitive impairments in dementia patients.","volume":"25","author":"Ahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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