{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:44:46Z","timestamp":1790185486233,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Naples prognostic score (NPS), derived from routine inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers, reflects systemic immune\u2013metabolic status. Its prospective association with Parkinson disease (PD) risk has not been well established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 317,035 UK Biobank participants recruited in 2006\u20132010 who were free of PD and malignancy at baseline and had complete NPS component data. NPS was derived from serum albumin, total cholesterol, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio. Incident PD through 31 December 2022 was identified using a validated algorithm. Associations were examined using Cox proportional hazards models with multivariable adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over a median follow-up of 13.94\u202fyears, 2,298 participants (0.72%) developed PD. Higher NPS was significantly associated with increased PD risk. After multivariable adjustment, each 1-point increase in NPS corresponded to a 13% higher risk (Model 2 adjusted HR\u202f=\u202f1.13, 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.19,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Compared with participants with NPS\u202f=\u202f0, those with moderate to high NPS scores (2\u20134 points) had progressively elevated risks (NPS\u202f=\u202f2: HR\u202f=\u202f1.16, 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.31; NPS\u202f=\u202f3: HR\u202f=\u202f1.53, 95% CI: 1.29\u20131.82; NPS\u202f=\u202f4: HR\u202f=\u202f2.08, 95% CI: 1.21\u20133.58; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), showing a clear dose\u2013response relationship (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      for trend &amp;lt;\u202f0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large prospective cohort, higher NPS was independently associated with increased PD risk. These findings support the potential role of integrated inflammatory\u2013nutritional status in PD development and suggest that NPS may serve as a readily available marker for risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1809301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:38:51Z","timestamp":1777527531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of the Naples prognostic score with Parkinson disease risk: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurology","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaiqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurology","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442536","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2442536","article-title":"The importance of Naples prognostic score in predicting long-term mortality in heart failure patients","volume":"57","author":"Ayd\u0131n","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. 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