{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:54:19Z","timestamp":1781589259609,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aging is associated with reduced accuracy in recognizing others\u2019 emotions, an ability that is important for maintaining social connectedness in later life. Laughter is a social signal with multiple functions, as it can facilitate social bonding but also convey negative social meanings, for example when directed at someone. In previous research we have shown that younger adults are able to classify spontaneously emitted joyful, schadenfreude, and tickling laughter above chance level, and that these laughter sounds differ according to the perceived dominance. Given evidence that affect recognition generally declines with age, the present study examined whether comparable age effects emerge in the perception of laughter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>64 younger adults (mean 25 years, 18\u201333 years) and 30 older adults (mean age 60 years, 50\u201377 years) evaluated 117 spontaneously emitted laughter sounds according to the laughter type, i.e., joyful, Schadenfreude, and tickling laughter and according to the perceived sender\u2019s dominance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results showed that both age groups classified laughter above chance level. Younger adults showed higher classification rates than older adults for all laughter types, with the largest age effect for Schadenfreude laughter. The dominance ratings showed an age effect only for Schadenfreude, where older adults rated Schadenfreude laughter less dominant than younger adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pronounced differences in Schadenfreude perception might be ascribed to difficulties of older adults in perceiving non-literal messages or to cultural differences between age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1816927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:39:31Z","timestamp":1781588371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of aging on recognition and dominance perception in laughter"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Diana P.","family":"Szameitat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, City St George\u2019s, University of London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Wildgruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of T\u00fcbingen","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 J.","family":"Szameitat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University of London","place":["Uxbridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000692","article-title":"Changes in vocal emotion recognition across the life span","volume":"21","author":"Amorim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206441","article-title":"An own-age bias in face recognition for children and older adults","volume":"12","author":"Anastasi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2023.2245940","article-title":"The impacts of aging on the comprehension of affective prosody: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Baglione","year":"","journal-title":"Appl. Neuropsychol. Adult"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1044\/2025_JSLHR-24-00828","article-title":"The impacts of aging on affective prosody comprehension: a comparative study","volume":"68","author":"Baglione","year":"","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214002749","article-title":"Loneliness and cognitive function in the older adult: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Boss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024569803230","article-title":"Socioemotional selectivity theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life","volume":"27","author":"Carstensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Motiv. Emot."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106118","article-title":"Brain imaging studies of multisensory integration in emotion perception: a scoping review","volume":"172","author":"Choo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000694","article-title":"Effects of age and hearing loss on the recognition of emotions in speech","volume":"40","author":"Christensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82135-1","article-title":"Effects of aging on emotion recognition from dynamic multimodal expressions and vocalizations","volume":"11","author":"Cortes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/10001-000","volume-title":"The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals","author":"Darwin","year":"1872"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2014.882210","article-title":"Age- and gender-related variations of emotion recognition in Pseudowords and faces","volume":"40","author":"Demenescu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2018.1521493","article-title":"Own-age Bias and positivity effects in facial recognition","volume":"44","author":"Denkinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2012.07.002","article-title":"Sharing the joke: the size of natural laughter groups","volume":"33","author":"Dezecache","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evol. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2010.540817","article-title":"Age and emotion affect how we look at a face: visual scan patterns differ for own-age versus other-age emotional faces","volume":"25","author":"Ebner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognit. Emot."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.029","article-title":"Processing own-age vs. other-age faces: neuro-behavioral correlates and effects of emotion","volume":"78","author":"Ebner","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Ethology: The Biology of Behavior","author":"Eibl-Eibesfeldt","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169472","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169472","article-title":"Affective norms for Italian words in older adults: age differences in ratings of valence, arousal and dominance","volume":"12","author":"Fairfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1177\/014616720202800708","article-title":"Envy, resentment, schadenfreude, and sympathy: reactions to deserved and undeserved achievement and subsequent failure","volume":"28","author":"Feather","year":"2002","journal-title":"Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3390\/bs5040443","article-title":"Age-related response Bias in the decoding of sad facial expressions","volume":"5","author":"F\u00f6lster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.21.5.532","article-title":"Age-related deficits in component processes of working memory","volume":"21","author":"Gazzaley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5278","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5278","article-title":"Effects of age on the identification of emotions in facial expressions: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894522","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.894522","article-title":"They cannot, they will not, or we are asking the wrong questions: re-examining age-related decline in social cognition","volume":"13","author":"Hamilton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.16.2.264","article-title":"Evidence for a contact-based explanation of the own-age bias in face recognition","volume":"16","author":"Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000441","article-title":"Task characteristics influence facial emotion recognition age-effects: a meta-analytic review","volume":"35","author":"Hayes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.2011.29.1.97","article-title":"What predicts the own-age Bias in face recognition memory?","volume":"29","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp020","article-title":"Aging and selective engagement: the moderating impact of motivation on older adults\u2019 resource utilization","author":"Hess","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976915","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.976915","article-title":"Executive function abilities in cognitively healthy young and older adults\u2014a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Idowu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.06.013","article-title":"Aging and emotions: experience, regulation, and perception","volume":"17","author":"Isaacowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10919-011-0113-6","article-title":"Bringing an ecological perspective to the study of aging and recognition of emotional facial expressions: past, current, and future methods","volume":"35","author":"Isaacowitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nonverbal Behav."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20240543","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2024.0543","article-title":"Tickling induces a unique type of spontaneous laughter","volume":"20","author":"Kamilo\u011flu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.2013.843502","article-title":"Excluded by laughter: laughing until it hurts someone Else","volume":"154","author":"Klages","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbab048","article-title":"Social cognitive abilities predict unique aspects of older adults\u2019 personal social networks","volume":"77","author":"Krendl","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026827","article-title":"Age-related decrease in recognition of emotional facial and prosodic expressions","volume":"12","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193209","article-title":"Face recognition and aging: effects of target age and memory load","volume":"33","author":"Lamont","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126229","DOI":"10.1525\/collabra.126229","article-title":"Decoding age-related changes in emotional reactivity: the importance of distinguishing positive and negative sensations","volume":"10","author":"Laulan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Collabra Psychol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1177\/0261927X14535916","article-title":"Truth-default theory (TDT): a theory of human deception and deception detection","volume":"33","author":"Levine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Lang. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034287","article-title":"In the ear of the beholder: how age shapes emotion processing in nonverbal vocalizations","volume":"14","author":"Lima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-287-080-3_110-1","article-title":"Socioemotional selectivity theory","volume":"9","author":"Mather","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"3760","author":"McGettigan","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016562","article-title":"Age-related differences in emotion recognition ability: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Mill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref7001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1027\/1618-3169\/a000241","article-title":"Age-related decline in emotional prosody discrimination","volume":"61","author":"Mitchell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1021435526134","article-title":"The use of body movements and gestures as cues to emotions in younger and older adults","volume":"23","author":"Montepare","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nonverb. Behav."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-021-00676-w","article-title":"Emotional information processing in young and older adults: Meta-analysis reveals faces elicit distinct biases","volume":"19","author":"Nasrollahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ageing"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1080\/1068316x.2019.1597092","article-title":"Younger and older adults\u2019 lie-detection and credibility judgments of children\u2019s coached reports","volume":"25","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Crime Law"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/03610730701762047","article-title":"Effects of age and emotional intensity on the recognition of facial emotion","volume":"34","author":"Orgeta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2016.04.005","article-title":"Laughter conveys status","volume":"65","author":"Oveis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000063","article-title":"Older adults have difficulty in decoding sarcasm","volume":"51","author":"Phillips","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2019.102865","article-title":"Age-related differences in the ability to decode intentions from non-literal language","volume":"198","author":"Pomareda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Aspects of Nonverbal Communication","author":"Poyatos","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.11.001","article-title":"Laughing, grooming, and pub science","volume":"17","author":"Provine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003499855","volume-title":"Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Social Cognition","author":"Reddy","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2020.103213","article-title":"Nonliteral language processing across the lifespan","volume":"212","author":"Rothermich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref52","author":"Ruch","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.01.001","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of emotion recognition and aging: implications for neuropsychological models of aging","volume":"32","author":"Ruffman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108552684.023","article-title":"Emotion recognition and aging of the social brain\u2019","volume-title":"The cambridge handbook of cognitive aging: a life course perspective","author":"Ruffman","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-6566(77)90037-x","article-title":"Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions","volume":"11","author":"Russell","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.023","article-title":"When does age-related cognitive decline begin?","volume":"30","author":"Salthouse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(02)00084-5","article-title":"Vocal communication of emotions: a review of research paradigms","volume":"40","author":"Scherer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Speech Comm."},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"264","article-title":"Laughter\u2014the ordinary and the extraordinary","volume":"26","author":"Scott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychologist"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.09.002","article-title":"The social life of laughter","volume":"18","author":"Scott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2017.1393399","article-title":"Age differences in vocal emotion perception: on the role of speaker age and listener sex","volume":"32","author":"Sen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognit. Emot."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022826","article-title":"Loneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults","volume":"30","author":"Shankar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/08946566.2019.1625842","article-title":"Why are older adults victims of fraud? Current knowledge and prospects regarding older adults\u2019 vulnerability to fraud","volume":"31","author":"Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Elder Abuse Negl."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2009.00181.x","article-title":"Exploring the when and why of schadenfreude","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930302296","article-title":"Antiphonal laughter between friends and strangers","volume":"17","author":"Smoski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognit. Emot."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000028","article-title":"Caring more and knowing more reduces age-related differences in emotion perception","volume":"30","author":"Stanley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015692","article-title":"Differentiation of emotions in laughter at the behavioral level","volume":"9","author":"Szameitat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53646-4","article-title":"Recognition of emotions in German laughter across cultures","volume":"14","author":"Szameitat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09416-1","article-title":"Vocal expression of affective states in spontaneous laughter reveals the bright and the dark side of laughter","volume":"12","author":"Szameitat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930541000066","article-title":"Deservingness and schadenfreude","volume":"19","author":"Van Dijk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1023\/b:jonb.0000023654.73558.72","article-title":"Laughter in conversation: features of occurrence and acoustic structure","volume":"28","author":"Vettin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nonverbal Behav."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.08.047","article-title":"Dominant and submissive nonverbal behavior of virtual agents and its effects on evaluation and negotiation outcome in different age groups","volume":"90","author":"von der Rosenthal- P\u00fctten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00987006","article-title":"On measuring performance in category judgement studies of nonverbal behavior","volume":"17","author":"Wagner","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nonverbal Behav."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-012-0314-x","article-title":"Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for 13,915 English lemmas","volume":"45","author":"Warriner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039001","article-title":"Age differences in empathy: multidirectional and context-dependent","volume":"30","author":"Wieck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0183811","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183811","article-title":"Towards a social functional account of laughter: acoustic features convey reward, affiliation, and dominance","volume":"12","author":"Wood","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/01463379509369957","article-title":"Loneliness and interpersonal decoding skills","volume":"43","author":"Zakahi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Commun. Q."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-210116","article-title":"Cognitive function trajectories and their determinants in older people: 8 years of follow-up in the English longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"72","author":"Zaninotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1816927\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:39:33Z","timestamp":1781588373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1816927\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1816927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1816927","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"article-number":"1816927"}}