{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T07:02:39Z","timestamp":1779951759601,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Late-onset epilepsy of unknown aetiology (LOEU) is increasingly recognized as a multifactorial condition potentially linked to preclinical neurodegeneration. Despite its clinical relevance, the impact of lateralized interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on cognitive and behavioral phenotypes remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of 62 LOEU patients (66.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f7.3\u202fyears). All participants underwent neurological examination, electroencephalography, and a neuropsychological battery. Subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II), and quality of life (Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31) were also assessed. Patients were stratified based on IED lateralization (Left vs. Right).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IEDs were left-lateralized in 61.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f38) and right-lateralized in 38.7% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f24). A significant difference emerged only for delayed verbal recall (RAVLT-D), with right-lateralized patients performing worse (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.043). No differences were found in other cognitive domains, sleep, mood, or quality of life.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While right-sided IEDs were associated with lower RAVLT-D performance, this represents a nominally significant finding in the context of multiple domains tested without correction for multiple comparisons. These results may suggest a distributed pattern of cognitive vulnerability, possibly reflecting network dysfunction or inefficient interhemispheric integration. Findings should be interpreted with caution and considered exploratory. Given that RAVLT-D is a marker of hippocampal dysfunction and early neurodegeneration, these results support longitudinal monitoring to identify LOEU patients at higher risk of dementia, regardless of focal lateralization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1821590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T06:17:47Z","timestamp":1779949067000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lateralization of interictal epileptiform discharges differently impacts cognitive performance and behavior in late-onset epilepsy of unknown aetiology"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Giusy","family":"Bergamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Albanesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Antonucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Barbaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Bertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Corsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Testone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola B.","family":"Mercuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Centonze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"IRCSS Neuromed","place":["Pozzilli, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"IRCSS Neuromed","place":["Pozzilli, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3001275","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001275","article-title":"Intrinsic connectivity reveals functionally distinct cortico-hippocampal networks in the human brain","volume":"19","author":"Barnett","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Beck Depression Inventory\u2013II (BDI-II)","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.07.418","article-title":"Standardized computer-based organized reporting of EEG: SCORE\u2014second version","volume":"128","author":"Beniczky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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